Abstract：
:The innervation of the musculature of the tongue and the hyobranchial apparatus of caecilians has long been assumed to be simple and to exhibit little interspecific variation. A study of 14 genera representing all six families of caecilians demonstrates that general patterns of innervation by the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves are similar across taxa but that the composition of the "hypoglossal" nerve is highly variable. Probably in all caecilians, spinal nerves 1 and 2 contribute to the hypoglossal. In addition, in certain taxa, an "occipital," the vagus, and/or spinal 3 appear to contribute fibers to the composition of the hypoglossal nerve. These patterns, the lengths of fusion of the contributing elements, and the branching patterns of the hypoglossal are assessed according to the currently accepted hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of caecilians, and of amphibians. An hypothesis is proposed that limblessness and a simple tongue, with concomitant reduced complexity of innervation of muscles associated with limbs and the tongue, has released a constraint on pattern of innervation. As a consequence, a greater diversity and, in several taxa, greater complexity of neuroanatomical associations of nerve roots to form the hypoglossal are expressed.
journal_name
J Morpholjournal_title
Journal of morphologyauthors
Wake MHdoi
10.1002/jmor.1052120105keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-04-01 00:00:00pages
37-53issue
1eissn
0362-2525issn
1097-4687journal_volume
212pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The phylogenetic position of bryozoans has been disputed for decades, and molecular phylogenetic analyzes have not unequivocally clarified their position within the Bilateria. As probably the most basal bryozoans, Phylactolaemata is the most promising taxon for large-scale phylogenetic comparisons. These comparisons r...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10915
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fine structural characteristics of epithelial cells of the anal vesicle in the hymenopteran parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), are similar to those of transport cells. Apical and basal infoldings, an abundance of mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and pinocytotic vesicl...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051540205
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pattern of onset and general rate of cranial ossification are compared in two marsupials, Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae) and Macropus eugenii (Macropodidae). In both species a similar suite of bones is present at birth, specifically those surrounding the oral cavity and the exoccipital, and in both postnatal ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052150203
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microscopic studies show that the capsule of the hip joint in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus) is preponderantly collagenous. Among the collagen fiber bundles are varying quantities of elastic fibers that demonstrate a definite, differential regional distribution. The highest concentration of ela...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051970307
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sceloporus aeneus exhibits reproductive bimodality. That is, one taxon (Sceloporus aeneus bicanthalis) is viviparous whereas the other (Sceloporus aeneus aeneus) is oviparous. Morphological differences in luteal and oviductal structure were examined. Oviparous and viviparous females have distinct corpora lutea that fo...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051840109
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SEM was used to study the development of respiratory structures in successive stages in relation to the overall changes occurring in the scorpions. Book lung development is a slow process, starting with spiracles and a sac-like atrium in the early embryo and continuing lamellar formation to 150 or more in the adul...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10653
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this work was to study the postnatal ontogenetic development of Pontoporia blainvillei skull, identifying major changes on shape, and relating them to relevant factors in the life history of the species. We analyzed a complete ontogenetic series (73♂, 83♀) with three-dimensional geometric morphometric techn...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20309
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An extremely large number of fifth ceratobranchial teeth, with highly modified, striated, and hooked tips were observed in the central and western Pacific sicydiine goby genus Stiphodon.A scanning electron microscopic study of the form and arrangement of fifth ceratobranchial teeth was conducted to assess the distribu...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199809)237:3<257::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Burrow construction in the subterranean Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) primarily occurs by scratch-digging. In this study, we compared the limbs of an ontogenetic series of C. talarum to identify variation in bony elements related to fossorial habits using a morphometrical and biomechanical approach. Diamete...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20267
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many cases of predator-induced morphological plasticity in daphnids are well studied examples of inducible defenses. However, little is known about the early development of these sometimes conspicuous traits. We compared for the first time in five different Daphnia species the embryonic development of predator-induced...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10270
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The strongly modified mode of development of the small and brooding galeommatoid bivalve Lasaea adansonii (Gmelin, 1791) [syn. Lasaea rubra (Montagu, 1803)] has been studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy and by fluorescent staining of the muscular system and of two neurotracers, FMRFamide a...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10623
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homology is resemblance caused by a continuity of information. In biology it is a unified developmental phenomenon. Homologies among and within individuals intergrade in several ways, so historical homology cannot be separated sharply from repetitive homology. Nevertheless, the consequences of historical and repetitiv...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051730307
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about specific proteins involved in keratinization of the epidermis of snakes. The presence of histidine-rich molecules, sulfur, keratins, loricrin, transglutaminase, and isopeptide-bonds have been studied by ultrastructural autoradiography, X-ray microanalysis, and immunohistochemistry in the epidermi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10326
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three lineages of cartilaginous fishes have independently evolved filter feeding (Lamniformes: Megachasma and Cetorhinus, Orectolobiformes: Rhincodon, and Mobulidae: Manta and Mobula); and the structure of the branchial filters is different in each group. The filter in Rhincodon typus has been described; species withi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20160
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two types of sperm are produced in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Nucleate eupyrene sperm is an ordinary sperm that contributes to fertilization, while anucleate apyrene sperm is considered to play important roles in assisting eupyrene sperm. At the very late stage of spermatogenesis, a phenomenon called "peristaltic sque...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10168
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Antarctic snailfish Paraliparis devriesi (Liparididae) occupies an epibenthic habitat at a depth of 500-650 m in the subzero waters of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Although lacking a swim bladder, this species is neutrally buoyant through the combined effects of reduced skeletal ossification and expansion of a water...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052200108
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphologists and systematists have long suspected that dietary consistency can affect skull and dental form in mammals. We examined plasticity of skull shape and tooth morphology in prairie deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) by feeding mice diets that differed in consistency but not nutritional quality. Shape...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199608)229:2<229::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differences in angulation and length observed for the fibers of anatomical muscles may reflect two distinct mechanical requirements: arrangement for pinnation, reflecting an increase in physiological cross-section and arrangement for equivalent placement of sarcomeres, possibly associated with coordination. The ob...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051920106
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The omphalallantoic placenta is a complex organ that is unique to viviparous squamates. Using transmission EM and light microscopy, we examined this placenta in garter snakes in order to understand its structural organization and functional capabilities. The omphalallantoic placenta is formed from the uterine lining a...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10084
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylogenetic position of the Ectoprocta within the Lophotrochozoa is discussed controversially. For gaining more insight into ectoproct relationships and comparing it with other potentially related phyla, we analysed the myoanatomy and serotonergic nervous system of adult representatives of the Phylactolaemata (Pl...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.11006
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antennal circulatory organ of Periplaneta americana and Blaberus craniifer was investigated by light and electron microscopy. This organ consists of two pulsatile ampullae located near the antennal base which are interconnected by a large transverse muscle and associated blood vessels which run into the antennae. ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051850210
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paired tubular accessory glands in Haemaphysalis longicornis open at the junction of the cervical and the vestibular parts of vagina via short and narrow ducts. The pseudostratified columnar glandular epithelium covered by the muscle layer consists of both secretory and supporting cells. As feeding proceeds, the s...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052210105
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyprinids constitute the largest fish family and are characterized by their pharyngeal teeth. The masticatory mechanism is still poorly understood. The complex of structures that determine the movements of pharyngeal teeth and chewing pad in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is analyzed. Activities in 16 head muscles of a...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051720208
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During epidermal differentiation in mammals, keratins and keratin-associated matrix proteins rich in histidine are synthesized to produce a corneous layer. Little is known about interkeratin proteins in nonmammalian vertebrates, especially in reptiles. Using ultrastructural autoradiography after injection of tritiated...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10181
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge about the diversity, locomotor adaptations, and evolution of the marsupial forelimb is limited, resulting in an underrepresentation of marsupials in comparative anatomical literature on mammalian forelimb anatomy. This study investigated hand proportions in the diverse marsupial order Diprotodontia. Fifty-tw...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10495
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The king-of-the-salmon, Trachipterus altivelis (Lampriformes), has an unusual set of oral jaws which allow it the ability to protrude the entire upper jaw, containing the premaxilla and the maxilla bones, to extreme distances. Here, we provide a short description of the cranial anatomy and mechanism of jaw protrusion ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.21071
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied early neurulation events in vitro by transplanting quail Hensen's node, central prenodal regions (before the nodus as such develops), or upper layer parts of it on the not yet definitively committed upper layer of chicken anti-sickle regions (of unincubated blastoderms), eventually associated with central b...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10436
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sagittal otolith of Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Centrolophidae: Teleostei) has a prismatic structure in which the anti-sulcal growth axes of each prism consist of a series of nested cones each composed of a mineral layer followed by an organic matrix layer. Broken sections show the mineral layers to be composed of st...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052230208
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anurans exhibit a particularly wide range of locomotor modes that result in wide variations in their skeletal structure. This article investigates the possible correlation between morphological aspects of the hylid postcranial skeleton and their different locomotor modes and habitat use. To do so, we analyzed 18 morph...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20651
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interspecific variations in rhabdom structure between various oplophorid shrimps are described and the differences are related to the light environment at different depths within the mesopelagic zone. The ultrastructure of the distal rhabdom in these species is described for the first time. Quantitative measurements s...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10103
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
