Alprazolam extended-release in panic disorder.

Abstract:

:Alprazolam-XR is an extended-release formulation of alprazolam designed to deliver sustained therapeutic concentrations for 24 h after once-daily dosing. Plasma concentrations gradually decline as the time for the next dose approaches, but still remain above therapeutic minimum levels. The anti-panic efficacy of alprazolam-XR appears to be comparable to the original formulation of alprazolam. The main advantage of the new extended-release formulation appears to be its greater tolerability and safety. The speed with which high-potency benzodiazepines are absorbed, and rise to peak concentrations is correlated with both abuse potential and with the incidence and severity of common adverse events, such as sedation and cognitive and psychomotor impairment. Alprazolam-XR does not exhibit the sudden increases in plasma concentration characteristic of the original formulation of alprazolam. This pharmacokinetic difference appears to translate into a reduced liability of abuse and a reduced incidence of sedation and cognitive and psychomotor impairment during acute therapy. This would appear to give alprazolam-XR a more favourable benefit:risk profile than the original formulation of alprazolam. In addition, the once-daily dosing (as opposed to three or four times per day) reduces clock-watching, increases compliance and it eliminates the penalty of breakthrough anxiety and panic that many patients experience if they inadvertently miss a dose. It should be noted that long-term therapy with alprazolam-XR carries the same risk of dependence and withdrawal during discontinuation as the original formulation of alprazolam.

authors

Rickels K

doi

10.1517/14656566.5.7.1599

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-07-01 00:00:00

pages

1599-611

issue

7

eissn

1465-6566

issn

1744-7666

pii

EOP050715

journal_volume

5

pub_type

临床试验,杂志文章
  • Colesevelam HCl: a non-systemic lipid-altering drug.

    abstract::Colesevelam HCl (WelChol, Sankyo Pharmaceuticals Inc.) is a bile acid sequestrant polymer, which has been shown to significantly lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and favourably affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood levels in monotherapy and in combination with statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.4.5.779

    authors: Bays H,Dujovne C

    更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00

  • Neuroprotection and thrombolysis: combination therapy in acute ischaemic stroke.

    abstract::The administration of oral aspirin within 48 h and tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of ischaemic stroke onset remain the only treatments that have been shown to have clinical benefit. There has been much excitement about neuroprotection over the last two decades, as it may minimise the harmful effects of ischae...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.7.12.1571

    authors: Ly JV,Zavala JA,Donnan GA

    更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapy of large B-cell lymphoma.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Constituting approximately 30% of lymphoid malignancies, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoma in adults worldwide. The clinical and biologic heterogeneity that exists in DLBCL suggests that this entity might actually be comprised of several distinct neoplasms that coul...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.13.2247

    authors: Escalón MP,Lossos IS

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Immunosuppressive therapy of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

    abstract::Childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a distressing chronic renal disorder with potentially life threatening complications. Over 80% of cases in children are due to minimal change disease and the majority will respond to corticosteroid therapy. Steroid-sensitive NS is considered a relatively benign condition, since pro...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.3.5.513

    authors: Abeyagunawardena A,Brogan PA,Trompeter RS,Dillon MJ

    更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of a sequential treatment combining abaloparatide and alendronate for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

    abstract::The recently published results of the sequential treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women with subcutaneous abaloparatide (80 µg/day) (ABL) for 18 months followed by 6 months of oral alendronate (70 mg/week) (ALN) support the administration of an anti-resorptive agent after completion of a treatment course with ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1418857

    authors: Reginster JY,Al Daghri N,Kaufman JM,Bruyère O

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • Acute promyelocytic leukemia: what are the treatment options?

    abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents a paradigm of therapeutic success in clinical hematology. Since the introduction of all-trans-retinoic-acid in the early 1980s, complete remission rates exceed 90% and the cure rate is > 70%. Notwithstanding, various questions concerning the manageme...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656560903505115

    authors: Ferrara F

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Vaginal ring delivery of hormone replacement therapy--a review.

    abstract::Vaginal ring delivery systems are a highly promising approach to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The vagina is an excellent route for steroid absorption. Menopausal vaginal rings can be designed to allow very low dose local delivery of oestrogen to the vagina for the large percentage of postmenopausal women experie...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.4.2.201

    authors: Dezarnaulds G,Fraser IS

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Current understanding of the role of bosentan in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

    abstract::Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension may occur in the context of incomplete lysis of acute pulmonary emboli, resulting in the obstruction of pulmonary blood flow, as well as progressive right ventricular dysfunction and failure. The treatment of choice for this condition is surgical removal of the obstructing...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.7.9.1133

    authors: Hughes R,Jais X,Suntharalingam J,Humbert M,Parent F,Simonneau G,Pepke-Zaba J

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of axial spondyloarthritis in adults.

    abstract::Introduction: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) refers to a group of disorders sharing common clinical, genetic and imaging characteristics. Axial (ax) SpA corresponds to a subgroup that mainly affects the axial skeleton, leading to inflammatory back pain and progressive radiographic changes of the sacroiliac joints and the spi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1617853

    authors: Toussirot E

    更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00

  • Fesoterodine: a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Fesoterodine is a newly approved drug for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to review the preclinical and clinical data on fesoterodine. METHODS:The study involved a search of the Medline database and the proceedings volumes of urological congresses. RESULTS...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.10.1787

    authors: Michel MC

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases and depression: interaction of therapy.

    abstract::Several studies have revealed the intimate associations between erectile dysfunction (ED), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and depression. Whether the physicians should also screen for the other two components when a patient presents with one component of this triad is still an important question to be answered. These th...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656560903089326

    authors: El-Sakka AI,Shamloul R,Yassin AA

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Itraconazole.

    abstract::Itraconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal agent. It has favourable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles and is available as both oral and i.v. formulations. Over the last two decades, clinical and animal infection studies have demonstrated the efficacy of itraconazole in a wide range of superficial ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.1.2.287

    authors: Piérard GE,Arrese JE,Piérard-Franchimont C

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Paroxetine mesylate: comparable to paroxetine hydrochloride?

    abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Currently available small case reports clearly propose that existing regulatory procedures to approve generic versions only require essential bioequivalence, have limitations and fail to meet stricter scientific and clinical demands. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:Data indicate that paroxetine me...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656560903451708

    authors: Pae CU,Misra A,Ham BJ,Han C,Patkar AA,Masand PS

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Current pharmacotherapy of bradykinin-mediated angioedema.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is characterized by subcutaneous and/or submucosal edema formation without wheals and pruritus. It is linked to bradykinin-enhanced vascular permeability and, therefore, it does not respond to conventional measures, but requires specific therapy. AREAS COVERED:This summary b...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.778826

    authors: Farkas H

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of steroid-naive ulcerative colitis.

    abstract::The introduction of steroid therapy by Truelove and Witts in the 1950s revolutionized the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Corticosteroids are potent inhibitors of T-cell activation and proinflammatory cytokines and still represent the mainstay of therapy of patients with ulcerative colitis. About 15% of patients are ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656560902973728

    authors: Bossa F,Colombo E,Andriulli A,Annese V

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Retigabine/Ezogabine, a KCNQ/K(V)7 channel opener: pharmacological and clinical data.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Epilepsy is a serious and common chronic neurological disease with an urgent need for novel treatment options, because 30% of all epilepsy patients do not respond to currently available drugs. Retigabine/Ezogabine (RTG) is a third-generation antiepileptic drug (AED) with a novel mechanism of action. It enh...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.706278

    authors: Orhan G,Wuttke TV,Nies AT,Schwab M,Lerche H

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Eluxadoline for the treatment of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment is challenging physicians because of its multifactorial physiopathology. In particular, abdominal pain and diarrhea management lack one unique effective pharmacological remedy. Opioid receptors, present in the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous sys...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1182982

    authors: Scarpellini E,Laterza L,Ianiro G,Tack J,Abenavoli L,Gasbarrini A

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolaevulinic acid for the treatment of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is the naturally occurring metabolic precursor of an endogenously formed photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX. It is used topically to treat benign and malignant skin disorders by a process called photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently, data are emerging on its systemic use in the tr...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.5.851

    authors: Dunn J,Lovat L

    更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00

  • Blood pressure targets and pharmacotherapy for hypertensive patients on hemodialysis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis and is often not well controlled. Blood pressure (BP) levels before and after hemodialysis have a U-shaped relationship with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Although antihypertensive drugs are recommended for...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1746272

    authors: Maruyama T,Takashima H,Abe M

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • The RTOG Outcomes Model: economic end points and measures.

    abstract::Recognising the value added by economic evaluations of clinical trials and the interaction of clinical, humanistic and economic end points, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) has developed an Outcomes Model that guides the comprehensive assessment of this triad of end points. This paper will focus on the econ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.5.3.513

    authors: Konski A,Watkins-Bruner D,RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) Outcomes Model.

    更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of omega-3-acid ethyl esters on steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy adults.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters (P-OM3) have been used as adjunctive therapy to statin drugs in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of concomitant administration of 4 g P-OM3 on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the maximum recommended daily dose of atorvastatin (80 ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1517/14656560802233827

    authors: Di Spirito M,Morelli G,Doyle RT,Johnson J,McKenney J

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma in children and adolescents.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in children is a story of success. Nowadays, more than 90% of patients are cured and overall survival is nearly 100% at 5 years. Efforts have been made to avoid related effects of therapies; therefore, children are treated using different chemotherapy schem...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1606212

    authors: Gómez-Almaguer D,González-Llano O,Jiménez-Antolinez V,Gómez-De León A

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of daily sildenafil on levels of soluble molecular markers of endothelial function in plasma in patients with erectile dysfunction.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of daily sildenafil on levels of soluble molecular markers of endothelial function in men with erectile dysfunction. METHODS:Patients aged >18 years with erectile dysfunction of vascular etiology for >6 months, either alone or in combination with disease states strongly associated w...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14656560802678211

    authors: Konstantinopoulos A,Giannitsas K,Athanasopoulos A,Spathas D,Perimenis P

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • Safinamide in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

    abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Current therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily directed at reversing the motor symptoms that are the consequence of dopamine deficiency and includes levodopa, dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitors. New drugs offering both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic actions ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2010.511612

    authors: Schapira AH

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia: consequences on sexual function and possible endocrine effects.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prevalent diseases in aging men. It may adversely affect quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and its effects on sexuality. AREAS COVERED:The impact of α1-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARI), and phosphodiestera...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1817382

    authors: La Vignera S,Aversa A,Cannarella R,Condorelli RA,Duca Y,Russo GI,Calogero AE

    更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00

  • Assessment and management of acute pain in high-risk neonates.

    abstract::Neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit experience hundreds of painful procedures at a time of rapid neurological development. Although the immediate responses to pain may be protective, the potential long-term effects of early and under-treated pain are concerning. As pain assessment is the first step in the pro...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.4.4.475

    authors: Gibbins S,Stevens B,Asztalos E

    更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00

  • Treating short bowel syndrome with pharmacotherapy.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Short bowel syndrome (SBS) has traditionally been regarded as a rapidly fatal medical catastrophe. The advent of pharmacological options directly targeting disease pathophysiology justified this review. AREAS COVERED:Since the 1970s, home parenteral nutrition has reduced mortality, converting SBS into a c...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1724959

    authors: Hollanda Martins Da Rocha M,Lee ADW,Marin MLM,Faintuch S,Mishaly A,Faintuch J

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of pulmonary embolism.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially severe manifestation of venous thromboembolism. Its management has relied on anticoagulation by vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for the past fifty years. Recently, new alternative drugs have been developed and dramatically modified both the treatment of acute...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1268122

    authors: Gouin B,Robert-Ebadi H,Righini M,Blondon M

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • An update on pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) are used for the oral treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Since the launch of sildenafil more than 15 years ago, new molecules have become available. At present, in addition to tadalafil and vardenafil, there are three other drugs, udenafil, avanafil and mir...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.799665

    authors: Bruzziches R,Francomano D,Gareri P,Lenzi A,Aversa A

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • Oral healthcare for HIV-infected patients: an international perspective.

    abstract::The orofacial complications of HIV infection are diverse, include opportunistic infection and malignancy and in many instances are region specific. Although effective management strategies to treat HIV-associated oral disease have been developed in North America and Europe, the evidence base on which these rely remain...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.3.387

    authors: Hegarty AM,Chaudhry SI,Hodgson TA

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00