Abstract：
:Maximal metabolic rate (MMR) of mammals scales differently from basal metabolic rate (BMR). This is first shown by scrutinizing data reported on exercise-induced Vo2 max in 34 eutherian mammalian species covering a body mass range of 7 g-500 kg. Vo2 max was found to scale with the 0.872 (+/-0.029, 95% confidence limits 0.813-0.932) power of body mass which is significantly different from the 3/4 power reported for basal metabolic rate. The aerobic scope is higher in athletic than non-athletic species, and it is also higher in large than in small species. Integrated structure-function studies on a subset of 11 species (body mass 20 g-450 kg) show that the variation of Vo2 max with body size is tightly associated with the aerobic capacity of the locomotor musculature: the scaling exponents for Vo2 max, the total volume of mitochondria, and the volume of capillaries are nearly identical. The higher Vo2 max of athletic species is tightly linked to proportionally larger mitochondrial and capillary volumes in animals of the same size class. As a result Vo2 max is linearly related to both total mitochondrial and capillary erythrocyte volumes. We conclude that the scaling of maximal metabolic rate is explained by features and mechanisms different from those determining basal metabolic rate.
journal_name
Respir Physiol Neurobioljournal_title
Respiratory physiology & neurobiologyauthors
Weibel ER,Bacigalupe LD,Schmitt B,Hoppeler Hdoi
10.1016/j.resp.2004.01.006keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-20 00:00:00pages
115-32issue
2eissn
1569-9048issn
1878-1519pii
S1569904804000126journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hypoxia leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction in healthy men. However, the consequences on right ventricular function are not known. The effects of hypoxia on systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and right ventricular function index (TEI) were assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Fourteen members of a Mount Everes...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2007.07.005
更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory responses to single intermittent hypoxia (5 min 21% O(2), 5 min 8% O(2) X6) in 5-6, 10-11, 21-22 and 26-27 day-old piglets, and to recurrent six daily intermittent hypoxia in 10-11 and 26-27 day-old piglets were assessed. Substance P binding in the piglets' brainstem immediately after the last hypoxic epis...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2004.07.013
更新日期：2004-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the moderate exercise intensity domain, the speed of oxygen uptake (V(O(2))) kinetics at the transition to a higher metabolic rate is thought to be limited by an inertia of the oxidative machinery. Nitric oxide (NO)-induced inhibition of O(2) consumption within the electron transport chain may contribute to thi...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1569-9048(02)00068-x
更新日期：2002-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:DLCO measured in hypoxia must be corrected due to the higher affinity (increase in coefficient θ) of CO with Hb. We propose an adjustment accounting for individual changes in the equation relating DLCO to subcomponents Dm (membrane diffusive capacity) and Vc (lung capillary volume): 1/DLCO=1/Dm+1/θVc. We adjusted the ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2016.08.009
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effect of N(w)-nitro-L-arginine (NLA) on yak pulmonary vascular tone in a climatic (hypobaric/hyperbaric adjusted) chamber. Five young male yaks that had been born and reared at an altitude greater than 3800 m a.s.l. were used. After measuring control values, 20 mg/kg of NLA was administered via the jug...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2004.12.002
更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-β/δ is a transcription factor that belongs to the PPAR family, but the role of PPAR-β/δ in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by hyperbaric oxygen is unknown. In this study we investigated if PPAR-β/δ activation protects from hyperoxia-induced ALI in a rat model. ALI was ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2014.04.004
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the influence of airway obstruction in the complexity of the airflow pattern in COPD and its use as a marker of disease activity. The sample entropy (SampEnV') and the variability (SDV') of the airflow pattern were measured in a group of 88 subjects with various levels of airway obstruction. Airway obs...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke (TS) causes acute airway inflammation. Chronic exposure may cause airway remodeling contributing to enhanced airway resistance. We hypothesize that combining airway sensitization and inhalation of irritants enhances the number of mucous producing cells beyond either agent al...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.019
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The impact of lung remodelling in respiratory mechanics has been widely studied in bleomycin-induced lung injury. However, little is known regarding the relationship between the amount of lung inflammation and pulmonary tissue mechanics. For this purpose, rats were intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (n=29) or sa...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2007.09.012
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Airway responses to intravenous (i.v.) and inhaled (i.h.) delivery of methacholine (MCh) in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains have been compared with and without ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. Bronchial reactivity to MCh was assessed in anaesthetised and tracheostomised animals by using an animal ventilat...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2008.12.005
更新日期：2009-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Maximal O(2) consumption (V(O)(2) max) is an index of integrated cardiopulmonary function. After having defined it, discussed its limitation, and described its measurement, we present data during and after space flight and simulation. During gravity withdrawal, V(O)(2) max stays unchanged. It suddenly drops when the s...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2009.03.012
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is a national health issue in the US. Among the many physiological changes induced by obesity, it also presents a unique challenge to ventilatory control during exercise due to increased metabolic demand of moving larger limbs, increased work of breathing due to extra weight on the chest wall, and changes in b...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.019
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With hypoxic exposure ventilation is elevated through the hypoxic ventilatory response. We tested the hypothesis that the resulting hypocapnia reduces maximal exercise capacity by decreasing (i) cerebral blood flow and oxygenation and (ii) the ventilatory drive. Eight subjects performed two incremental exercise tests ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2012.08.012
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia inhibits vertebrate development, but the magnitude and timing of organ-specific effects are poorly understood. Chick embryos were exposed continuously to hypoxia (15% O2) throughout Days 1-6, 6-12, 12-18 or Days 1-18 of development, followed by morphometric measurements of major organ systems. Early hypoxic ex...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2004.09.005
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that results in death due to respiratory failure. Many genetic defects are associated with ALS; one such defect is a mutation in the gene encoding optineurin (OPTN). Using an optineurin null mouse (Optn-/-), we sought to characterize the i...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2020.103525
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is available about the role of inflammatory/immunological factors in the physiology and plasticity of the carotid body, with potential clinical implications in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and sudden infant death syndrome. In humans, lymphomonocytic aggregations (chronic carotid glomitis) have been report...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2013.02.017
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The locus coeruleus (LC) lies in the dorsal pons and supplies noradrenergic (NA) input to many regions of the brain, including respiratory control areas. The LC may provide tonic input for basal respiratory drive and is involved in central chemosensitivity since focal acidosis of the region stimulates ventilation and ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2010.04.024
更新日期：2010-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown that tiny gas nanobubbles form spontaneously on a smooth hydrophobic surface submerged in water. These nanobubbles were shown to be the source of gas micronuclei from which bubbles evolved during decompression of silicon wafers. We suggest that the hydrophobic inner surface of blood vessels may be a ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2013.04.013
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) might lead to an increased risk for brain injury. The present study aims to investigate the effects of neonatal BPD on neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and cognitive function and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that BPD model rat pups exhibited ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2015.09.011
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the effect of oxygen on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in six obstructive sleep apnea patients with a relatively high loop gain (LG) and six with a low LG. LG is a measure of ventilatory control stability. In the high LG group (unstable ventilatory control system), oxygen reduced the LG from 0.69+/-0.18 to...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2008.05.019
更新日期：2008-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:We develop tidal-ventilation pulmonary gas-exchange equations that allow pulmonary shunt to have different values during expiration and inspiration, in accordance with lung collapse and recruitment during lung dysfunction (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 158 (1998) 1636). Their solutions are tested against published an...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00066-1
更新日期：2003-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The neonatal rodent serves as useful and appropriate model within which to study respiratory system development. Despite an extensive literature that documents respiratory control in vitro, in vivo studies have relied upon whole body plethysmography to determine measures of respiratory frequency and tidal volume. Howe...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.018
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimuli within the lung can cause the sensations of pain, ache, irritation and urge-to-cough. In general these are abolished or inhibited by vagal section or vagal anaesthesia, or local anaesthesia within the airways. They are present in patients with functional high cervical spinal cord transaction and after general ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 社论,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2008.09.012
更新日期：2009-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously showed that nasal pressure support ventilation (nPSV) can lead to active inspiratory laryngeal narrowing, which originates from the stimulation of bronchopulmonary receptors. Among the three major types of bronchopulmonary receptors, which are variably stimulated by lung distension, C-fiber endings are r...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.014
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of four exposures to normobaric hypoxia (SIH group; FIO₂ = 0.120, N=10) or placebo-control normoxia (Control group; FIO₂ = 0.209, N=9) on cardio-respiratory responses to hypoxic exercise. Before and after the exposures all subjects performed a constant power test (CP) to exhaustion ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2012.02.008
更新日期：2012-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in neonates is increasingly considered due to enhanced alveolar ventilation, absence of patient-ventilator asynchrony and lessened ventilator-induced lung injury. Although any type of non-invasive respiratory support can lead to gastric distension via esophageal air...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent in vitro data suggest that astrocytes may modulate respiration. To examine this question in vivo, we treated 5-day-old rat pups with methionine sulfoximine (MS), a compound that alters carbohydrate and glutamate metabolism in astrocytes, but not neurons. MS-treated pups displayed a reduced breathing frequency (...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2005.01.009
更新日期：2005-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), located at the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata, contains glutamatergic Phox2b-expressing interneurons that have central respiratory chemoreceptor properties. RTN also operates as a relay for hypothalamic pathways that regulate breathing, one of which probably originates from ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2010.12.003
更新日期：2011-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronically hypoxic humans and some mammals have attenuated ventilatory responses, which have been associated with high dopamine level in carotid bodies. Alveolar hypoventilation and blunted ventilatory response have been recognized to be at the basis of Chronic Mountain Sickness by generating arterial hypoxemia and p...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00065-x
更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling approach is used to study the unsteady respiratory airflow dynamics within a human lung. The three-dimensional asymmetric bifurcation model of the central airway based on the morphological data given by Horsfield et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 67 (1971) 207) was used in the pr...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0034-5687(01)00337-1
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
