Abstract：
:The development of vaccines for melanoma has been accelerated by the identification of melanoma-associated antigens, a better understanding of basic immunologic principles, and the ability to construct complex vectors for immunization. The location and context in which T-cell priming occurs significantly influences the type and magnitude of immune response. Furthermore, there is a delicate balance between the generation of tumor-specific immunity and the emergence of tumor escape variants. We have focused on the direct intra-tumoral delivery of poxvirus vaccines expressing costimulatory molecules as a strategy for overcoming local immunosuppression in the treatment of established melanoma. Poxviruses provide potent danger signals and, in the presence of costimulation, local administration provides a mechanism to prime tumor-specific T-cell responses. The clinical application of this approach will likely depend on the ability to induce systemic anti-tumor immunity following local injection and we are evaluating this in current clinical trials. These studies may have important implications for the design of vaccine strategies for melanoma and other tumors.
journal_name
Semin Cancer Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cancer biologyauthors
Hörig H,Kaufman HLdoi
10.1016/j.semcancer.2003.09.005keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
417-22issue
6eissn
1044-579Xissn
1096-3650pii
S1044579X03000725journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:People are continuously exposed exogenously to varying amounts of chemicals that have been shown to have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties in experimental systems. Exposure can occur exogenously when these agents are present in food, air or water, and also endogenously when they are products of metabolism or pathop...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2004.06.010
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the human tumour showing the most consistent association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The recent detection of EBV in in-situ NPC lesions has shed light on the sequence of events leading to the development of invasive NPC, and will be discussed in the context of what is known about E...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scbi.1996.0023
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The HLA-G gene gives rise to six differently spliced mRNAs. The membrane bound HLA-G1 molecule containing all three extracellular domains presents peptides that follow motif requirements similar to those of classical HLA class I molecules. This isoform is also capable of inhibiting Natural Killer (NK) cells, but is on...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scbi.1998.0105
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The need for more effective cancer therapies is omnipresent as the ever-complex, and highly adaptive, mechanisms of tumor biology allow this disease to elude even the most stringent treatment options. The expanding field of proteoglycan signaling is enticing as a reservoir of potential drug targets and prospects for n...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.003
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer depends on cell death. It can emerge when cell death is deficient, and it could be treated through cancer-cell-specific induction of cell death. However, our understanding of cell death is still incomplete. While a few classical animal models have helped greatly in this respect, more may be learnt from non-clas...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.11.001
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with solid tumors. The majority of these deaths are associated with metastatic disease that occurs after a period of clinical remission, anywhere from months to decades following removal of the primary mass. This dormancy is prominent in cancers of the br...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.021
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils in the tumor host may promote tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) share many features with neutrophils. Classically, MDSC are viewed as and defined as immunosuppressive cells. In this article we summarize and critically ...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.02.007
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:System approaches in biology have a long history. We focus here on the thinking of Paul A. Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffy, who contributed a great deal towards making the system concept operable in biology in the early 20th century. To them, considering whole living systems, which includes their organisation or orde...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.05.001
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gynaecological carcinosarcomas are the most lethal gynaecological malignancies that are often highly resistant to standard chemotherapy. They are composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components and are associated with high rates of metastatic disease. Due to their rarity, molecular studies have been carried ...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.006
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data obtained from cutting-edge research have shown that deregulated epigenetic marks are critical hallmarks of cancer. Rapidly emerging scientific evidence has helped in developing a proper understanding of the mechanisms leading to control of cellular functions, from changes in chromatin accessibility, transcription...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.013
更新日期：2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Overt neoplasia is often the result of a chronic disease process encompassing an extended segment of the lifespan of any species. A common pathway in the natural history of the disease is the appearance of focal proliferative lesions that are known to act as precursors for cancer development. It is becoming increasing...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.03.019
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleotide sequence analysis at five distinct loci across the 140, 000 bp genomes of more than 60 KSHV samples from KS and PEL tumors from North America, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific revealed that they cluster into four major subtypes (A, B, C and D) that have close associations with the geographic an...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scbi.1998.0116
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common form of lymphoid malignancy in Western countries, accounting for around a quarter of all leukaemias. Evidence from epidemiological and family studies have provided evidence for familial clustering of CLL compatible with inherited genetic predisposition to CLL. Dir...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.08.006
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have found that not all Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) plasmids are duplicated each cell cycle. This inefficiency is intrinsic to EBV's mechanism of DNA synthesis in latently infected cells and necessarily leads to a loss of EBV plasmids from proliferating cells. If EBV provides its host cells advantages that allow those...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.07.006
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells adhere to one another and/or to matrices that surround them. Regulation of cell-cell (intercellular) and cell-matrix adhesion is tightly controlled in normal cells, however, defects in cell adhesion are common in the majority of human cancers. Multilateral communication among tumor cells with the extracellular m...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.05.002
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysfunction of the TP53 (p53) gene occurs in most if not all human malignancies. Two principal mechanisms are responsible for this dysfunction; mutation and downregulation of wild-type p53 mediated by MDM2/MDM4. Because of its almost universal inactivation in malignancy, p53 is a highly attractive target for the devel...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.005
更新日期：2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Macroautophagy (herein autophagy) is an intracellular pathway in which cytoplasmic components are captured by double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) that eventually fuse with lysosomes to degrade the cargo. Basal levels of autophagy in all eukaryotic cells maintain cellular homeostasis and under conditions of stres...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.015
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the molecular and genetic determinants of cancer will provide unique opportunities for developing rational and effective therapies. Malignant cells are frequently resistant to chemotherapy and radiation induced programmed cell death (apoptosis). This resistance can occur by mutations in the tumor suppres...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1044-579x(02)00134-7
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amongst the various types of cancer, breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and known as the leading cause of death among women globally. The extensive interdisciplinary investigation in nanotechnology and cancer biomedical research has been evolved over the years for its effective treatment. However, the adv...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.016
更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER) is the most abundant EBV viral transcript and is used as a target molecule to detect EBV-infected cells in tissues by in situ hybridization. EBER is expected to form double-stranded RNA-like structures. The results of the present study show that EBER contributes to onc...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.12.007
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common histological form of primary liver cancer; the tumor cells having retained features of hepatocytic differentiation. It is important to emphasize the heterogeneity of the histological background on which the tumor develops. Most HCCs complicate the evolution of an activ...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scbi.2000.0321
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maintenance and accurate propagation of the genetic material are key features for physiological development and wellbeing. The replication licensing machinery is crucial for replication precision as it ensures that replication takes place once per cell cycle. Thus, the expression status of the components comprising th...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.12.002
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs mechanistically similar to but much less studied than microRNAs and small interfering RNAs. Today the best understood function of piRNAs is transposon control in animal germ cells, which has earned them the name 'guard...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.012
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered sensors for the nutritional state of the cell. The former is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that provides donor molecules for glycosylation processes, whereas the second requires co-translational N-glycosylation...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.04.001
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies implicate steroid hormones as important factors in the development of neoplasia, and hormonal manipulation constitutes an important treatment arm in cancer therapy. Recent studies demonstrate a key role for nuclear receptor proteins in the expression of genes encoding the cytochrome P450 enzyme...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ski oncogene is the transforming gene, v-ski, of the defective SKV avian carcinoma viruses. V-ski transformation causes increased proliferation of embryo fibroblasts and also induces a number of genes characteristic of the muscle lineage. In natural SKV isolates the 49 kDa v-ski polypeptide is expressed as a fusio...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in the rate and pattern of cell movement are prominent features of many human diseases, including inflammation, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The ability to regulate the interactions of cells with each other and with adhesion factors in extracellular matrices therefore offers a novel approach to the t...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetic modifications are heritable yet reversible, essential for normal physiological functions and biological development. Aberrant epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated gene regulation play a crucial role in cancer progression. In cellular ...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.006
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The key molecule for normal B cells is the surface Ig (sIg) of the B-cell receptor, which influences cell behaviour, even after neoplastic transformation. During B-cell maturation, sIg accumulates somatic mutations in the Ig variable region (V) genes and tumours retain these patterns, thereby revealing the point of di...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.08.004
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA damaging agents (ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutics) are considered as most effective in cancer treatment. However, there is a subpopulation of carcinoma cells within the tumour demonstrating resistance to DNA damaging treatment approaches. It is suggested that limited tumour response to this kind of therapy...
journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.002
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
