Abstract:
:The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) released by infected individuals or present in human and hospital wastes can potentially cause contamination problems. The presence of HIV-1 was investigated in 16 environmental samples, including raw wastewater, sludge, final effluent, soil, and pond water, collected from different locations. A method was developed to extract total nucleic acids in intact form directly from the raw samples or from the viral concentrates of the raw samples. The isolated nucleic acids were analyzed for the presence of HIV-1 by using in vitro amplification of the target sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. HIV-1-specific proviral DNA and viral RNA were detected in the extracted nucleic acids obtained from three wastewater samples by this method. The specificity of the PCR-amplified products was determined by Southern blot hybridization with an HIV-1-specific oligonucleotide probe, SK19. The isolated nucleic acids from wastewater samples were also screened for the presence of poliovirus type 1, representing a commonly found enteric virus, and simian immunodeficiency virus, representing, presumably, rare viruses. While poliovirus type 1 viral RNA was found in all of the wastewater samples, none of the samples yielded a simian immunodeficiency virus-specific product. No PCR-amplified product was yielded when wastewater samples were directly used for the detection of HIV-1 and poliovirus type 1. The wastewater constituents appeared to be inhibitory to the enzymes reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Ansari SA,Farrah SR,Chaudhry GRdoi
10.1128/AEM.58.12.3984-3990.1992keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-12-01 00:00:00pages
3984-90issue
12eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The ability of the facultative photoheterotroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides to tolerate and reduce high levels of tellurite in addition to at least 10 other rare earth metal oxides and oxyanions has considerable potential for detoxification and bioremediation of contaminated environments. We report the identification and ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.12.4713-4720.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alteromonas sp. strain O-7 secretes several proteins in addition to chitinolytic enzymes in response to chitin induction. In this paper, we report that one of these proteins, designated MprIII, is a metalloprotease involved in the chitin degradation system of the strain. The gene encoding MprIII was cloned in Escheric...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.11.5563-5570.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined physiological adaptations which allow the psychrotroph Rhodococcus sp. strain Q15 to assimilate alkanes at a low temperature (alkanes are contaminants which are generally insoluble and/or solid at low temperatures). During growth at 5 degrees C on hexadecane or diesel fuel, strain Q15 produced a cell surfa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.7.2961-2968.1999
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The erythromycin resistance gene ermB has been found in a variety of gram-positive bacteria. This gene has also been found in Bacteroides species but only in six recently isolated strains; thus, the gene seems to have entered this genus only recently. One of the six Bacteroides ermB-containing isolates, WH207, could t...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.11.6455-6463.2003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The susceptibility of Trichoplusia ni larvae to several Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) was tested. Neonatal larvae proved to be susceptible to solubilized trypsin-treated CryIA(a), CryIA(b), and CryIA(c) (50% lethal concentrations [LC(50)s], 570, 480, and 320 ng/cm, respectively) but showe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.10.3840-3846.1994
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 507 in vol. 30.]. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method to detect viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was developed. Polyclonal immunoglobulin G against C. parvum oocyst and sporozoite surface antigens was purified from rabbit immune serum, biotinylated, and bound to streptoavidin-coated magnetic particles. C. parvum oocysts were captured by a specific antigen-a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.8.3134-3138.1997
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the catabolite repression control (Crc) protein repressed the formation of the blue pigment pyocyanin in response to a preferred carbon source (succinate) by interacting with phzM mRNA, which encodes a key enzyme in pyocyanin biosynthesis. Crc bound to an extended imperfect recognition seque...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00026-12
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a phylogenetic analysis of nine strains of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) and other endemic woody legumes of the Canary Islands, Spain. These and several reference strains were characterized genotypically at different levels of taxonomic reso...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.6.2096-2104.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population dynamics of bifidobacteria in human feces during raffinose administration were investigated at the species level by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Although double-staining FISH-FCM using both fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and indodicarbocy...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01777-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, opportunistic, bacterial pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases, including meningitis, septicemia, abortion, and gastroenteritis, in humans and animals. Among the 13 L. monocytogenes serovars described, human listeriosis is mostly associated with strains of serovars 4b, 1/...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02730-06
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unidentified lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolates which had mainly been detected in spoiled, marinated, modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) broiler meat products during two previous studies, were identified and analyzed for their phenotypic properties and the capability to produce biogenic amines. To establish the taxo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.8.4400-4406.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of swine which occasionally infects humans as well. There are 35 serotypes known for this organism, and it would be desirable to develop rapid methods methods to identify and differentiate the strains of this species. To that effect, partial chaperonin 60 gene sequences were...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.67.10.4828-4833.2001
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proportion of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum showing a fold on oocyst walls when incubated with either fluorescent monoclonal antibody or a surface-reactive fluorescent dye was increased by incubating suspensions of oocysts with dimethyl sulfoxide, sucrose, or Hanks' balanced salt solution. Further incubation o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.8.2638-2641.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple replica method is described for the rapid identification of colonies of bacteria which adhere to polystyrene. A correlation was found between the adherence of bacterial strains to polystyrene and cell surface hydrophobicity, suggesting the use of this technique in screening for cell surface mutants and in the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.42.2.375-377.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reduction of cytotoxicity in virus concentrates from environmental samples was accomplished by high-speed centrifugation and by filtration of the samples through positively charged depth filters. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.3.731-733.1982
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A molecular method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of PCR-amplified fragments of the 23S rRNA gene was designed to rapidly identify Listeria strains to the species level. Two fragments (S1, 460 bp, and S2, 890 bp) were amplified from boiled DNA. S2 was cut with the restriction enzymes XmnI or ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.11.6386-6392.2003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 12 comprises enzymes with a wide range of activities critical for the degradation of lignocellulose. However, the important roles of the loop regions of GH12 enzymes in substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency remain poorly understood. This study examined how the loop 3 region aff...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03123-16
更新日期:2017-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The effects in the chicken embryo assay of four Alternaria metabolites (alternariol [AOH], alternariol methyl ether [AME], altenuene [ALT], and tenuazonic acid [TA]) were investigated. Administered to 7-day-old chicken embryos by yolk sac injection, AOH, AME, and ALT caused no mortality or teratogenic effect at doses ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.6.1420-1422.1983
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pressure resistances of the spores of six Bacillus strains were examined at 5 to 10(deg)C and were compared with their heat resistances. The pressure treatments (at 981 MPa for 40 min and at 588 MPa for 120 min) did not inactivate the spores of B. stearothermophilus IAM12043, B. subtilis IAM12118, and B. lichenifo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.10.3897-3900.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced humic substances (HS) can be reoxidized by anaerobic bacteria such as Geobacter, Geothrix, and Wolinella species with a suitable electron acceptor; however, little is known of the importance of this metabolism in the environment. Recently we investigated this metabolism ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.5.2445-2452.2002
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetoin reductase (ACR) catalyzes the conversion of acetoin to 2,3-butanediol. Under certain conditions, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (and strains derived from it) generates both d- and l-stereoisomers of acetoin, but because of the absence of an ACR enzyme, it does not produce 2,3-butanediol. A gene encoding A...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01616-10
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A project to investigate biofouling, under conditions relevant to ocean thermal energy conversion heat exchangers, was conducted during July through September 1977 at a site about 13 km north of St. Croix (U.S. Virgin Islands). Seawater was drawn from a depth of 20 m, within the surface mixed layer, through aluminum p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.38.4.734-739.1979
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeasts grown in the presence of benzoic acid tolerated 40 to 100% higher benzoic acid concentrations than did those grown in the absence of weak-acid-type preservatives. They also accumulated less benzoate in the presence of glucose. In chemostat cultures, benzoic acid reduced growth yield and the rate of cell product...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.8.2091-2095.1988
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biological impact of 24-h ("chronic") chromium(VI) [Cr(VI) or chromate] exposure on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was assessed by analyzing cellular morphology as well as genome-wide differential gene and protein expression profiles. Cells challenged aerobically with an initial chromate concentration of 0.3 mM in com...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00813-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three expedition huts in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica, built between 1901 and 1911 by Robert F. Scott and Ernest Shackleton, sheltered and stored the supplies for up to 48 men for 3 years during their explorations and scientific investigation in the South Pole region. The huts, built with wood taken to Antarctica...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.3.1328-1335.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formate stimulates growth of a new bacterium from human feces. With high formate, it ferments glucose to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The original isolate fermented vegetable cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, but it lost this ability after storage at -76 degrees C. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identifies it...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.10.6321-6326.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Comamonas testosteroni strain was isolated from activated sludge on the basis of its ability to coaggregate with yeast cells. On agar plates the following two types of colonies were formed: colonies with a mucoid appearance and colonies with a nonmucoid appearance. On plates this strain alternated between the two fo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.8.2687-2691.1996
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies from this laboratory have documented the presence of coliform bacteria emanating from wooden reservoirs containing finished drinking water. Coliforms were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. In the present report, evidence is presented which suggests that the origin of these coli...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.36.1.178-185.1978
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current agricultural practices involve inclusion of antimicrobials in animal feed and result in manure containing antimicrobials and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. This work evaluated the effects of land application of swine manure on the levels of tetracycline, macrolide, and lincosamide antimicrobials and o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02183-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00