Abstract:
:The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the mediation of several forms of affiliative behavior including parental care, grooming, and sex behavior. Here we demonstrate that species from the genus Microtus (voles) selected for differences in social affiliation show contrasting patterns of oxytocin receptor expression in brain. By in vitro receptor autoradiography with an iodinated oxytocin analogue, specific binding to brain oxytocin receptors was observed in both the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and the polygamous montane vole (Microtus montanus). In the prairie vole, oxytocin receptor density was highest in the prelimbic cortex, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, midline nuclei of the thalamus, and the lateral aspects of the amygdala. These brain areas showed little binding in the montane vole, in which oxytocin receptors were localized to the lateral septum, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and cortical nucleus of the amygdala. Similar differences in brain oxytocin receptor distribution were observed in two additional species, the monogamous pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) and the polygamous meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Receptor distributions for two other neurotransmitter systems implicated in the mediation of social behavior, benzodiazepines, and mu opioids did not show comparable species differences. Furthermore, in the montane vole, which shows little affiliative behavior except during the postpartum period, brain oxytocin receptor distribution changed within 24 hr of parturition, concurrent with the onset of maternal behavior. We suggest that variable expression of the oxytocin receptor in brain may be an important mechanism in evolution of species-typical differences in social bonding and affiliative behavior.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Insel TR,Shapiro LEdoi
10.1073/pnas.89.13.5981keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-07-01 00:00:00pages
5981-5issue
13eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cerebral organization during sentence processing in English and in American Sign Language (ASL) was characterized by employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4 T. Effects of deafness, age of language acquisition, and bilingualism were assessed by comparing results from (i) normally hearing, monolingua...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.922
更新日期:1998-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Assessments of the importance of different routes of HIV-1 (HIV) transmission are vital for prioritization of control efforts. Lack of consistent direct data and large uncertainty in the risk of HIV transmission from HIV-contaminated injections has made quantifying the proportion of transmission caused by contaminated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610435104
更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation in response to growth factor and nutrient signaling. Consequently, this kinase is implicated in metabolic diseases including cancer and diabetes, so there is great interest in understanding the complete spectrum of mTOR-re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103746108
更新日期:2011-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::A Mr 35,000 calmodulin-binding protein, which also possesses the ability to interact with a number of cytoskeletal elements, was purified from bovine synaptosomal membranes, using hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose column chromatography. We call this protein "cytosynalin," which is derived from a combination of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.1916
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W cDNA was isolated and sequenced. The isolation strategy involved design of degenerate PCR primers from reverse translation of a partial peptide sequence. A reverse transcription-coupled PCR product from rat muscle mRNA was used to screen a muscle cDNA library prepared from selenium-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.19.8749
更新日期:1995-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for dissecting the neurogenetic basis of appetitive and aversive behaviors. However, some methods used to assay food preference require or cause starvation. This can be problematic for fly ethanol research because it can be difficult to dissociate caloric preference...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1716880115
更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::The protein products of T4 bacteriophage genes 41, 43, 45, 44, and 62 have been purified to near homogeneity using an assay which measures their stimulation of DNA synthesis in a crude lysate of Escherichia coli cells in fected by an appropriate mutant phage. When all of these proteins and T4 gene 32 protein are incub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.12.4800
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro studies have demonstrated that glia can express functional receptors for a variety of neurotransmitters. To determine whether similar neurotransmitter receptors are also expressed by glia in vivo, we examined the glial scar in the transected optic nerve of the albino rabbit by quantitative receptor autoradiog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.5193
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiviral drugs targeting viral proteins often result in prompt selection for resistance. Moreover, the number of viral targets is limited. Novel antiviral targets are therefore needed. The unique characteristics of fusion between virion envelopes and cell membranes may provide such targets. Like all fusing bilayers, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1010026107
更新日期:2010-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Translocations involving chromosome band 11q23, found in acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, disrupt the MLL gene. This gene encodes a putative transcription factor with homology to the zinc fingers and other domains of the Drosophila trithorax gene product and to the "AT-hook" motif of high mobility group proteins....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10610
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Partial amino acid sequence has been determined for the cone, alpha' subunit of the bovine photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and deduced from nucleotide sequences of a partial cDNA clone. These sequences identify the alpha' subunit as the product of a gene that is distinct from those encoding the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.288
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Columnar stromatolites were abundant and widespread in the Proterozoic but are exceedingly rare in modern seas. Consequently, the stromatolites at Hamelin Pool in Shark Bay, Western Australia, have been widely interpreted as unique modern analogs of ancient stromatolites constructed by complex communities of cyanobact...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.5.1327
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoaminergic neurons use dopa decarboxylase (DDC; aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.28) to form dopamine from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). We measured regional dopa decarboxylase activity in brains of six healthy volunteers with 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa and positron emission tomography. We calculate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.7.2721
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Veratridine or high potassium concentration increased guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in neuroblastoma cells of clone N1E-115 without affecting levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The increases in cGMP appear to be a direct result of the depolarizing action of these agents and not...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.12.6295
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed cell death (PCD) of mammary alveolar cells during involution commences within hours of the end of suckling. Locally, milk accumulates within alveolar lumens; systemically, levels of lactogenic hormones fall. Four experimental models were used to define the role of local factors as compared with systemic hor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3425
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reported previously that human cells after neoplastic transformation in culture had acquired an increased susceptibility to chromatid damage induced by x-irradiation during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Evidence suggested that this results from deficient DNA repair during G2 phase. Cells derived from human tumors...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.16.5400
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared private and social decision making to investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of social comparison on risky choices. We measured brain activity using functional MRI while participants chose between two lotteries: in the private condition, they observed the outcome of the unchosen lottery, and in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100892108
更新日期:2011-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Prions are mammalian proteins (PrPs) with a unique pathogenic property: a nonendogenous isoform PrP(Sc) can catalyze conversion of the endogenous PrP(C) isoform into additional PrP(Sc). In this work, we demonstrate that PrP(C) helix 1 has certain properties (hydrophilicity, charge distribution) that make it unique amo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11293
更新日期:1999-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice carry the scid mutation and are severely deficient in both T cell- and B cell-mediated immunity, apparently as a result of defective V(D)J joining of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene elements. In the present studies, we have defined the tissue, cellular, an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.4.1394
更新日期:1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neurog3 (Neurogenin 3 or Ngn3) is both necessary and sufficient to induce endocrine islet cell differentiation from embryonic pancreatic progenitors. Since robust Neurog3 expression has not been detected in hormone-expressing cells, Neurog3 is used as an endocrine progenitor marker and regarded as dispensable for the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0904247106
更新日期:2009-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::A major virulence factor of Plasmodium falciparum is the adherence of parasitized erythrocytes to the wall of postcapillary venules via a specific interaction between parasite-derived erythrocyte surface ligands and receptors on endothelial cells. To study this phenomenon in vitro, we selected a parasite population th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10805
更新日期:1994-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Glu-126 (helix IV) and Arg-144 (helix V) are charge paired and play a critical role in substrate binding in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli. When Glu-126 is replaced with Asp, the permease has relatively high activity, implying that helix V has sufficient flexibility to allow Arg-144 to accommodate the decrea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11178
更新日期:1999-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Early forms of the genetic code likely generated "statistical" proteins, with similar side chains occupying the same sequence positions at different ratios. In this scenario, groups of related side chains were treated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as a single molecular species until a discrimination mechanism develope...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2136794100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) catalyzes isomerization of β-D-glucose 1-phosphate (βG1P) into D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) via sequential phosphoryl transfer steps using a β-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (βG16BP) intermediate. Synthetic fluoromethylenephosphonate and methylenephosphonate analogs of βG1P deliver novel step 1 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402850111
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Using a novel Escherichia coli in vitro decay system in which polysomes are the source of both enzymes and mRNA, we demonstrate a requirement for poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I) in mRNA turnover. The in vitro decay of two different mRNAs (trxA and lpp) is triggered by the addition of ATP only when polysomes are prepared ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12926
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::A 978-base-pair gene that encodes thymidylate synthase (TS; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) from Lactobacillus casei has been synthesized and inserted into Escherichia coli expression vectors. The DNA sequence contains 35 unique restriction sites that are located an average of 28 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.633
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory is stored in neural networks via changes in synaptic strength mediated in part by NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP). Here we show that a cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor (CCKBR) antagonist blocks high-frequency stimulation-induced neocortical LTP, whereas local infusion of CCK induces...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1816833116
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::The Mauer mandible, holotype of Homo heidelbergensis, was found in 1907 in fluvial sands deposited by the Neckar River 10 km southeast of Heidelberg, Germany. The fossil is an important key to understanding early human occupation of Europe north of the Alps. Given the associated mammal fauna and the geological context...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1012722107
更新日期:2010-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, EC 1.14.99.1) is present in cells under physiological conditions, whereas COX-2 is induced by some cytokines, mitogens, and endotoxin presumably in pathological conditions, such as inflammation. Therefore, we have assessed the relative inhibitory...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.24.11693
更新日期:1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two-dimensional molecular aggregate (2DMA), a thin sheet of strongly interacting dipole molecules self-assembled at close distance on an ordered lattice, is a fascinating fluorescent material. It is distinctively different from the conventional (single or colloidal) dye molecules and quantum dots. In this paper, we ve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1703000114
更新日期:2017-09-19 00:00:00