Abstract:
:Glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases are the main selenoproteins expressed by endothelial cells. These enzymes reduce hydroperoxides, their role in endothelial cell physiology, however, by far exceeds prevention of oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, especially superoxide, hydroperoxides, and nitric oxide, are crucial signaling molecules in endothelial cells. Their production is regulated by vascular NAD(P)H oxidases and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Their metabolism and physiological functions are coordinated by glutathione peroxidases and the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system. Endothelial selenoproteins are involved in the regulation of the vascular tone by maintaining the superoxide anion/nitric oxide balance, of cell adhesion by controlling cell adhesion molecule expression, of apoptosis via inhibition/activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1, and of eicosanoid production by controlling the activity of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. Accordingly, they regulate inflammatory processes and atherogenesis. The underlying mechanisms are various and differ between individual selenoproteins. Scavenging of hydroperoxides not only prevents oxidative damage, but also interferes with signaling cascades and enzymes involved. Modulation of proteins by hydroperoxide-driven thiol/disulfide exchange is a novel mechanism that needs to be further investigated. A better understanding of the complex interplay of selenoproteins in regulating endothelial cell functions will help to develop a rationale for an improvement of health by an optimum selenium supply.
journal_name
Antioxid Redox Signaljournal_title
Antioxidants & redox signalingauthors
Brigelius-Flohé R,Banning A,Schnurr Kdoi
10.1089/152308603764816569keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
205-15issue
2eissn
1523-0864issn
1557-7716journal_volume
5pub_type
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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更新日期:2011-03-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-01-10 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-11-10 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-11-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/152308604773934396
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ars.2019.7870
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 社论
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-01-10 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-11-20 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-04-10 00:00:00
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