Abstract：
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:To review technological advances in the field of radiation oncology in the management of benign and malignant diseases. BASIC PROCEDURES:We reviewed major advances in the field of radiation oncology in the past decade with special emphasis on reduction of treatment related toxicities, and technological improvements in planning and delivery of radiation. Modalities reviewed include computerized three-dimensional conformal treatment planning, stereotactic radiosurgery, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, ultrasound-guided transperineal permanent brachytherapy of the prostate, and high-dose rate brachytherapy. MAIN FINDINGS:There have been major technological advances as evidenced by a decrease in treatment-related toxicities and better target definition resulting in higher local control rates. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS:Significant improvements in technique and equipment have firmly positioned radiotherapy as major artillery in the fight against both benign and malignant diseases.
journal_name
J Natl Med Assocjournal_title
Journal of the National Medical Associationauthors
Heron DE,Godette KD,Wynn RA,Arterbery VE,Streeter OA,Roach M 3rd,Simpson JR,Blough M,Thomas CR Jrkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
55-63issue
1eissn
0027-9684issn
1943-4693journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:African Americans are less likely than European Americans to participate in biomedical research. Researchers often attribute nonparticipation to the "Tuskegee effect." Using critical qualitative analysis of focus group data, we examined the public's use of the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis (TSUS) to discuss bio...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two women over the age of 50 years presented with ketoacidosis as the first manifestation of diabetes mellitus. The first patient failed to respond to a regimen of hourly intramuscular injections of regular insulin. She only improved when a continuous intravenous infusion of regular insulin was utilized. The second pa...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have characterized ethnic variations in standard ophthalmic measures. We tested the hypothesis that nerve fiber layer thickness would show characteristic differences between white and black individuals. We also examined whether ophthalmic measures would show intraethnic differences. METHODS:Seve...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper examines the previously studied topic of the prevalence of uncontrollable behavior in psychiatric emergencies, using the need for restraints as an indicator, and seeks to discover demographic characteristics that were associated with patients needing restraints. The variables considered are sex, referral so...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A day-long seminar was held at Wake Forest University School of Medicine to address barriers among ethnic minorities in cancer clinical trials and explore ways that individuals who design and conduct clinical trials could increase minority representation. Speakers addressed implications of under-representation of mino...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Baylor College of Medicine has conducted a summer enrichment program for minority/disadvantaged premedical students since 1969. Follow-up data on medical school application and acceptance for participants from 1980 through 1984 were analyzed in relation to selected preprogram variables--cumulative college grade point ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chondroectodermal dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short extremities, short stature, polydactyly, and nail hypoplasia. Dental abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and thoracic abnormalities impending respiration are seen in many patients. Virtually all previous reports of the class...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among urban low-income and minority patients with compromised access or low adherence to primary care, exacerbations of unrecognized but symptomatic moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause avoidable emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Detection and management of COPD before a firs...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30623-4
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse drug reactions are defined and examples are given. Four areas of concern are addressed, namely, defining drug reactions, identifying some of the factors contributing to the adverse drug reactions, implications of adverse drug reactions for health-care providers, and preventive measures which impact on the occu...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This preliminary study explored the roles of knowledge, attitudes, and significant others on decisions of older African-American women to enroll in a clinical trial involving estrogen and osteoporosis. Sixteen older African-American women (average age 75 years) participated in three focus groups. Twelve of the women h...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is commonly perceived that patients with sickle cell disease have increased hospital length of stay (LOS) because of mental health issues, including depression and drug-seeking behavior. However, the effect of mental and physical functional status on acute care resource use is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To asses...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30826-9
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid with immunomodulatory activity, has been found to be effective in inhibiting metastatic dissemination and growth of primary tumors of both murine and human origins. The unique ability of swainsonine to exhibit antimetastatic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory activity impar...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined associations of weight concerns and weight gain with adolescent tobacco cessation treatment and whether these effects differed by gender or ethnoracial group. Participants were 115 urban adolescents recruited for a randomized clinical trial of nicotine replacement therapy. Baseline weight gain concerns wer...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31067-1
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The achievements of 19th century medical education, practice, literature, and science and their affect on 20th century medicine are reviewed. The contributions made by 19th century physicians to change medical education are described, as well as the social processes that influenced medicine and science in both centuri...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute transmural myocardial infarction is usually caused by a coronary thrombus along with fixed coronary artery stenosis. Myocardial necrosis can be interrupted by the prompt use of pharmacologic and mechanical thrombolysis. Intravenous streptokinase and urokinase have been associated with approximately a 45 percent ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An efficient, reliable, and immediate method of treating full-thickness skin avulsions of fingertips in an Emergency Room is presented. A series of patients are discussed. ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen normal individuals and 100 hospital patients, all black, were tested for abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Male and female subjects (smokers and non-smokers) were tested. The results of the tests are discussed. For normal subjects, the CEA values ranged from 0.0 ng/ml to 2.6 ng/ml. Among hospital...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Even though Lyme disease probably existed in Oklahoma prior to 1975 when the disease was first reported in Connecticut and even though ecological conditions favor a high prevalence, an unexpectedly low rate was evidenced in both a serological survey and the number of cases reported to the Oklahoma State Department of ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiology of nosocomial infections was studied for 5 years in 10 Oklahoma hospitals. These were categorized into small and large hospitals. The seven small hospitals averaged 47 beds and the three large hospitals averaged 266 beds. Overall, most of the infected patients were < 5 years of > 60 years of age. Fema...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circumcision is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on males in the United States. Ethical considerations of the procedure have been considered for many years and, recently, research on the topic has shed more light on the debate. The purpose of this study was to review the history and emergence, curr...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30200-5
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This survey was undertaken to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a group of urban adults in Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 998 subjects randomly selected from five main ministries and departments in the Government Secretariat participated in the survey. Each subject was asked ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 128 total joint arthroplasties performed on a predominantly African-American population by a single surgeon between 1987 and 1992 were reviewed. Of these, 66 were total knee replacements and 62 were total hip replacements. Total hip replacement will be presented in Part Two. The African-American patients' a...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is believed that perioperative hemorrhage, in the hepatoportal area, results from a coagulopathy. This study determined if this could be quantitated by a modified recalcification time (MRT) test developed in our laboratory. Unlike prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT), the MRT is perfor...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to determine primary care pediatricians' level of awareness in the diagnosis and management of rickets. The information will be useful in assessing the need for provider education related to appropriate advice regarding vitamin D supplementation for infants. STUDY DESIGN:A one-pa...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The surgical approach to liver injury depends on a clear and concise characterization of the wound. Blunt trauma can produce devastating wounds that disrupt hepatic venous drainage. Atrial caval shunting remains a useful technique for Grade V liver wounds. Liver packing may be necessary if diffuse lobar injury, acidos...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe an unusual case of Wegener's granulomatosis, which initially caused fulminant palsies affecting cranial nerves II, V, VI, VII, and VIII during a brief episode of the disease. The patient was successfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Wegener's granulomatosis should be suspected when multiple cran...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In WWI, the United States was segregated by custom and law, and the Army obeyed the laws, reducing opportunities for Black medical professionals to serve their country in uniform. This article surveys African-American medical personnel serving in the US Army in World War I. It includes physicians, dentists, veterinari...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jnma.2017.10.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article compares the sexual practices and risk-taking behaviors of African-American male and female college students (n = 649) attending 4-year institutions in a major southeastern metropolitan area. It is a descriptive study of the kinds of practices that put African-American college students at a high risk of c...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Underrepresented minorities (URMs) make up a disproportionately small percentage of medical school applicants, matriculants, and physicians relative to the general US population. Preprofessional pipeline programs may help introduce URMs to careers in the medical field. MiniMeds was developed as a paracurricular enrich...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30437-5
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors present a case report of a sickle cell patient with end-stage renal disease treated with peritoneal dialysis who presented with abdominal pain. Although the pain was not unlike that typically associated with his crises, the absence of characteristic joint and chest pain made the diagnosis of "crisis" unlik...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
