Abstract：
:Circumcision is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on males in the United States. Ethical considerations of the procedure have been considered for many years and, recently, research on the topic has shed more light on the debate. The purpose of this study was to review the history and emergence, current demographics, and practices of male circumcision, specifically, nonreligious, nonmedically indicated routine neonatal circumcision. A review of the current literature was conducted using PubMed and current practices from guidelines of major professional societies. Physicians should consider the various ethical concerns and provide the patient's guardians with unbiased counsel. There is a lack of evidence both in favor of and against recommending routine neonatal circumcisions in the United States. The question remains whether we should continue unwarranted male circumcisions, especially when the major tenet of medical ethics is "do no harm."
journal_name
J Natl Med Assocjournal_title
Journal of the National Medical Associationauthors
Robinson JD,Ortega G,Carrol JA,Townsend A,Carnegie DA,Rice D,Bennett N Jrdoi
10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30200-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
455-8issue
9-10eissn
0027-9684issn
1943-4693pii
S0027-9684(15)30200-5journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This study explores the effects of abuse on the risk-taking behaviors of 2973 black and white adolescent males, 412 of whom were sexually or physically abused. Surveys on mental and physical health, risk-taking behaviors and attitudes, and family living were administered to 9th and 12th graders in an urban midwestern ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising and has surpassed squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE:To determine how the increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma alters the classic clinical presentation and the implications of these changes for diagnosis. DESIGN AND SETTING:A five-year retrospe...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse drug reactions are defined and examples are given. Four areas of concern are addressed, namely, defining drug reactions, identifying some of the factors contributing to the adverse drug reactions, implications of adverse drug reactions for health-care providers, and preventive measures which impact on the occu...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comprehensive health care planning can augment the educational programming for children with exceptional health and/or learning needs. The coordination of medical service and education is critically needed to reduce the traditional gulf between these two essential disciplines. Bridging this gulf will enable patients a...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinoma of the colorectum should be suspected and diagnosed early and treated adequately. Principles of surgical therapy are discussed. Meticulous follow-up is essential and re-exploration to remove recurrent disease is necessary. ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We conducted a cross-sectional study examining potentially modifiable factors associated with cognitive impairments (mild or severe) in older whites, African Americans and Hispanics attending an outpatient eye clinic. METHODS:In-clinic interviews and physical examinations assessed social, demographic and healt...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemia and reperfusion in myocardial infarction and stroke are associated with upregulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules, which contributes to tissue injury by facilitating leukocyte adhesion and infiltration in the affected tissues. Surgical repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm involves clamping and declampin...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Painful palmar and plantar erythema is an uncommon systemic complication of chemotherapy and has been reported in association with methotrexate, cystosine arabinoside, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil. The authors report a case in which the syndrome was precipitated by hepatic artery infusion of 5-FUdR. The previous re...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic evaluation of a theory-driven oral cancer awareness media campaign. METHODS:We surveyed a cohort of residents in an intervention city (250) and a control city (250) immediately prior to and after the media campaign. Participants (125 black/African Americ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31005-1
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total hemolytic complement (CH50) and activation of the alternate mechanism were measured in eight patients before and after splenectomy and compared to similar measurements made in a control group of patients following other abdominal surgery. In the splenectomy group, alternate-pathway-mediated activation of C3 was ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes the use of a mobile health unit as a part of a community education, screening, and counseling program. By virtue of its mobility and more flexible hours, this model extends services into the basic urban, suburban, and rural community. Quality control of the diagnostic and counseling activities on ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Collagenous colitis has been associated with autoimmune diseases. Co-occurence of systemic sclerosis and collagenous colitis is particularly rare. Herein, we described a 65-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis whose diarrhea and abdominal cramping were due to collagenous colitis. We have reviewed the clinical and hi...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A necropsy study of the pathological findings in the digestive system of 19 renal transplant recipients revealed that gastrointestinal (GI), hepatobiliary, and pancreatic pathologies are common in renal transplant recipients. Fifteen of the 19 patients studied had GI pathology. Hepatobiliary pathology was the most com...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Nyanza Province, Kenya, estimated HIV prevalence is 22%. Given that more than 80% of the population resides in rural areas, the majority of individuals in Nyanza Province do not have access to medical facilities on a regular basis. In response to the growing demands the HIV epidemic has placed on the people and com...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer prevention materials such as pamphlets, booklets, and fact sheets play a significant role in reducing cancer disparities. Little is documented in the literature about the cultural sensitivity of materials targeting African Americans. The Cancer Prevention Materials and African Americans project was conducted to...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crohn's disease is less prevalent in blacks than in whites. However, when it does occur, it is associated with a high degree of morbidity and is frequently unrecognized at initial presentation. Forty-three patients with Crohn's disease presented to Howard University Hospital between 1965 and 1987. There were 156 hospi...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic leg ulcers in sickle cell anemia occur mainly around the ankles. The prevalence is up to 75% in adults. These ulcers are painful and debilitating, yet medical treatment is unsuccessful. Surgical treatment consists of repeated skin grafting procedures, which eventually deplete the patient's available donor site...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Labetalol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were compared for their efficacy in controlling hypertension of blacks in a prospective, double-blind study. Sixty-one adult patients with mild to moderate hypertension (standing diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg and less than or equal to 114 mm Hg) wer...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of ADHD appears to be similar in African Americans and white populations. However, fewer African-American than white children are diagnosed and treated for ADHD. Reasons for this disparity have not been fully elucidated; causes are most likely complex. Whereas certain barriers to treatment are driven by ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All patients presenting with ocular trauma to the emergency room of a large inner-city hospital during a 2-month period were prospectively examined and interviewed. Of 3,627 trauma visits, ocular trauma accounted for 126 (3%). There were 514 trauma admissions; 26 (5%) of these were for ocular trauma. Bilateral injurie...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors present a case report of a sickle cell patient with end-stage renal disease treated with peritoneal dialysis who presented with abdominal pain. Although the pain was not unlike that typically associated with his crises, the absence of characteristic joint and chest pain made the diagnosis of "crisis" unlik...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wilms' tumor is a malignancy that most often affects children. It usually is discovered incidentally by a parent or family member in an asymptomatic child. The development of surgical techniques and the addition of adjuvant therapies have made this once incurable disease curable. The National Wilms' Tumor Study group,...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Today, wound management to avoid excessive scar formation is increasingly important, especially in populations with Fitzpatrick 3 or higher skin pigmentation. Medical science and industrial development are devoting more effort toward understanding and offering better therapy to control scars. However, advances in scar...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study of 533 brain tumors, 339 lung tumors, and 299 breast tumors was made in a contiguous six-county area of Kentucky to determine if a previous clustering of brain tumors with a rate 3.37 times the state rate still existed. No significant difference in incidence by age, sex, or race could be found between this six...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Black individuals continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials despite efforts by the National Institutes of Health and the Federal Drug Administration to increase their enrollment. Health care providers play a critical role in the recruitment of patients into clinical trials, as they have establishe...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jnma.2018.07.004
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiology of nosocomial infections was studied for 5 years in 10 Oklahoma hospitals. These were categorized into small and large hospitals. The seven small hospitals averaged 47 beds and the three large hospitals averaged 266 beds. Overall, most of the infected patients were < 5 years of > 60 years of age. Fema...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Music is a convenient way of bypassing barriers of communication and eliciting responses that may be helpful in the diagnoses and treatment of illness. The use of background music in elevators, in doctors' offices, and in stores are good examples of how music can be used to affect the subconscious mind. In this pilot ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke in black Americans is an important health problem that has been understudied. A brief review of the pertinent literature and strategies for evaluating and managing patients with cerebrovascular disease are presented. ...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an effort to determine the impact of one aspect of the Cincinnati Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center's educational program, a study of the level of knowledge of sickle cell facts by elementary and secondary school students in the Cincinnati public school system was conducted. An underlying assumption of this study wa...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic Nigerian Africans were studied prospectively over a 6-year period and were analyzed for sex, age at diagnosis, and month of onset of symptoms. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) rarely occurred in patients younger than the age of 10. A female preponderance occurred in...
journal_title：Journal of the National Medical Association
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
