Abstract：
:Prolonged, strenuous exercise may lead to suppressive effects on the immune system, which might be responsible for a greater susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of carbohydrate substitution (CHS) during prolonged, strenuous exercise on neutrophil granulocytes and their oxidative burst (intracellular oxidation of dihydrorhodamine(123) to rhodamine(123) after induction by formylized 1-methionyl-1-leucyl-1-phenylalanin) using flow cytometry. In three trials different concentrations of CHS (placebo compared to 6% and 12% CHS; 50 ml.kg(-1)) were given randomly to 14 endurance trained cyclists [mean (SD) age 25 (5) years, maximal oxygen uptake 67 (6) ml.min(-1).kg(-1)] cycling for 4 h in a steady state at 70% of their individual anaerobic threshold. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after cessation, 1 h and 19 h after exercise. A significant rise in neutrophil counts was observed immediately after cessation and 1 h after exercise with a return to normal rest values 19 h after exercise for all three conditions ( P<0.001). The relative proportions of rhodamine(123)+ neutrophils were significantly diminished in all three conditions 1 h after exercise ( P<0.01), while the mean fluorescence intensity was lowest in the placebo trial and differed significantly to the 12% CHS trial ( P=0.024) and almost significantly to the 6% CHS trial ( P=0.052). In conclusion, these data suggest a beneficial effect of CHS on the neutrophil oxidative burst and a possible attenuation of the susceptibility to infections, presumably due to the reduction of metabolic stress in prolonged, strenuous exercise.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Scharhag J,Meyer T,Gabriel HH,Auracher M,Kindermann Wdoi
10.1007/s00421-002-0642-0keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
584-7issue
6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
87pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the exercise intensity of a mountain bike (MTB) marathon race lasting 8 days. Seven amateur MTBers (age 33.6 +/- 3.0 years, height 1.67 +/- 0.5 m, body mass 58.4 +/- 9.9 kg) completing the Transalp Challenge 2004 were involved in the study. Before the race subjects ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0855-y
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of present study was to investigate plasma adiponectin response to acute exercise in highly trained male rowers. Ten rowers performed a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test [mean performance time approximately 20 min; 1,200.8 (29.9) s], and venous blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1238-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trends in industry are leaning toward stereotyped jobs with low workloads. Physical variation is an intervention to reduce fatigue and potentially musculoskeletal disorders in such jobs. Controlled laboratory studies have provided some insight into the effectiveness of physical variation, but very few have been devote...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2375-z
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Dietary nitrate (NO3 (-)) supplementation reduces the O2 cost of fixed-workload tasks performed in temperate environments but has not been examined in the heat. If this effect were retained it could reduce heatstroke risk in military personnel that are deployed for desert combat. METHODS:Nine men completed thr...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3255-0
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The twofold purpose of this study was (1) to compare differences in development and etiology of neuromuscular fatigue at different plantar flexor (PF) muscle-tendon unit (MTU) lengths between boys and men, and (2) to examine the relationship between musculotendinous stiffness and peripheral fatigue. METHODS:Ni...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04305-9
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six men and four women performed, in separate trials, maximal dynamic knee extensions with loads of 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% of maximal isometric knee extension peak torque (MVC). The dynamic extensions were done after postactivation potentiation (PAP) had been induced with a 10-s MVC, and in a control trial without PAP....
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000304
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole-Body vibration (WBV) may lead to muscle contractions via reflex activation of the primary muscle spindle (Ia) fibres. WBV has been reported to increase muscle power in the short term by improved muscle activation. The present study set out to investigate the acute effects of a standard WBV training session on vo...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0723-0
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of upper and lower body high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on immunometabolism profile. METHODS:Seven male judo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 h. The athletes completed four bouts of the upper and lower body Win...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3127-7
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the effects of mild hypohydration compared to euhydration on the cooling efficacy of cold-water immersion (CWI). METHODS:Fourteen participants (eight male, six female; age 26 ± 5 years; ht 1.77 ± 0.08 m; wt 72.2 ± 8.8 kg; 20.6 ± 7.4 % body fat) completed one euhydrated (EU) trial followed by on...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3329-7
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of age on cycling efficiency and sprint power output in well-trained endurance masters athletes. METHODS:The investigation was conducted on 60 healthy well-trained triathletes separated into six separate groups (n = 10) depending on age: 20-29 years old; 30-39...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2977-8
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A plateau in oxygen consumption (VO(2)) has long been considered the criterion for maximal effort during an incremental exercise test. But, surprisingly, the termination of a maximum exercise test often occurs in the absence of a VO(2) plateau. To explain this inconsistency, some have proposed that an oxygen limitatio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0845-z
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central hypovolemia induced by orthostatic loading causes reno-vascular changes that can lead to orthostatic intolerance. In this study, we investigated volume regulating hormonal responses and reno-vascular changes in male and female subjects as they underwent central hypovolemia, induced by graded lower body negativ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4053-2
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed at investigating how prior knowledge of drop heights affects proactive and reactive motor control in drop jumps (DJ). METHODS:In 22 subjects, the effect of knowledge of three different drop heights (20, 30, 40 cm) during DJs was evaluated in seven conditions: three different drop heights were ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04186-7
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exhaustive exercise on technique preference and the accompanying physiological response during classic skiing at constant workload, but with varying incline-speed combinations. METHODS:Seven male competitive cross-country skiers performed four tests, each ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3965-1
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to use the rat moderate spinal cord contusion model to investigate the effects of incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) on the muscle regeneration process, comparing regeneration of slow-twitch plantarflexor soleus muscle and fast-twitch dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Additionally, ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2429-2
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ultra-marathon on heart rate variability (HRV) and psychometric indices in endurance runners. In addition, we aimed to determine the magnitude of change and subsequent recovery for 7 days following the race. METHODS:Recreationally trained runners (n = 1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04187-6
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Force generated between the left mandible of violinists and the chinrest of the violin was examined using a force-sensing chinrest developed in this study. A strain-gauge force sensor was built, and it was fixed between the violin's top plate and a chin cup. Fifteen professional/amateur violinists held the violin stat...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2178-7
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well known. In contrast, the impact of lifelong endurance exercise is less well understood. Long-term high-intensity endurance exercise is associated with changes in cardiac morphology together with electrocardiographic alterations that are believed to be physiologic in natu...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1534-3
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present investigation has been designed to confirm the effect of instruction (hard-and-fast instruction compared to fast instruction) upon maximal voluntary isometric force (MVF) and maximal rate of force development (MRFD) in muscle groups which differ with regards to muscle mass and usage. In addition, we took a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100451
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise activates neutrophil burst and this effect is dependent on training status and exercise intensity. In this study, the chronic effect of treadmill exercise on phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen metabolites and expression of NADPH oxidase components in rat neutrophils was investigated. Neutrophils were...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0414-y
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testosterone and cortisol respond to exercise stimuli and modulate adaptation. Episodic basal secretion of these hormones may modify the responsiveness of these hormones. We sought to identify episodic steroid secretion via frequent salivary sampling and investigate any interaction between ultradian rhythmicity and in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1518-3
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Swimming exercise leads to a nonpathological, physiological left ventricular hypertrophy. However, the potential molecular mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNA) regulating the cardiac signal cascades were studied in exercised rats. METHODS:Female Wistar rats were assigned into t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2685-9
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to test our hypothesis that muscle condition has an effect on the cognition of self-motion and consequently on the ventilatory response during exercise, six healthy subjects performed a moderate incremental exercise test (IET) on a cycle ergometer under two conditions [resistance exercise condition (REC) and ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1801-3
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were to determine the effects of plyometric training on both active and passive parts of the series elastic component (SEC) stiffness, and on geometrical parameters [i.e., muscle architecture, muscle and tendon cross-sectional area (CSA)] of the plantarflexors muscle-tendon complex to assess pos...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1667-4
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cycle intensity on subsequent running performance and combined cycle-run (CR) performance. Seven triathletes undertook a cycling graded exercise test to exhaustion, an isolated 500-kJ cycle time trial (CTT) and an isolated 5-km running time trial. Then they performe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1547-y
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Traditional resistance exercise decreases vagal tone up to 30 min after an acute bout of resistance exercise, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the effects of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on autonomic modulation are unclear. To evaluate autonomic modulation ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04201-x
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In classic concentric/eccentric exercise, the same absolute load is applied in concentric and eccentric actions, which infers a smaller relative eccentric load. We compared the effects of 6 weeks of classic concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training (CON/ECC, 11 subjects) to eccentric overload training (CON/ECC...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1292-2
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fatality of deep hypothermia in non-hibernating mammals follows the cessation of respiration and heart beat, and a massive influx of calcium (Ca(++)) into cells. This review presents evidence relating to restoration of key physiological functions during hypothermia in several animal preparations. For example, in a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0875-7
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using two photomultiplier tubes (PMT), we measured the biophoton emission of the left and right wrists simultaneously. The subjects performed hand-grip exercises with both hands, during the measurements. We found a slow increase of the emission rates during the exercises, rising in average from 51.6 cps (counts per se...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0607-4
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The compound muscle action potential (M wave) has been commonly used to assess the peripheral properties of the neuromuscular system. More specifically, changes in the M-wave features are used to examine alterations in neuromuscular propagation that can occur during fatiguing contractions. The utility of the M wave is...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3788-5
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
