Abstract:
PURPOSE:To better understand the cellular contributions to the human multifocal ERG (mfERG), rhesus monkey and human mfERGs were recorded using the same stimulus conditions. The monkey mfERGs were recorded before and after injections of pharmacologic agents known to selectively block activity of particular cells and circuits in the retina. METHODS:Photopic mfERGs were recorded with Dawson-Trick-Litzkow (DTL) fiber electrodes from 16 eyes of 10 anesthetized adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and from 4 normal humans. The display consisted of 103 equal-sized hexagons within 17 degrees of the fovea. Monkey mfERGs were obtained before and after inner retinal responses were suppressed with intravitreal injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX), TTX+N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), TTX+NMDA with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A&C)) antagonist picrotoxin (PTX), or the inhibitory amino acid GABA and after L-2 amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) to block signal transmission to ON-bipolar cells. Finally, a combination of APB and cis-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) was used to isolate the contributions from the cone photoreceptors. RESULTS:TTX, which blocks sodium-based action potentials, removes a large contribution from the monkey's mfERG, but it does not remove all inner retinal influences. After administration of TTX, the mfERG is further modified by the addition of NMDA. TTX+NMDA, TTX+NMDA+PTX, or GABA alone have similar effects, suggesting that, at the concentrations used, they are largely removing the inner retinal contributions. After removing the inner retinal influences, the monkey's mfERG is mainly composed of ON- and OFF-bipolar contributions, as revealed after APB and PDA were injected. The leading edge of the first negative potential (N1) is largely shaped by the initial hyperpolarization of the OFF-bipolar cells. The photoreceptors also contribute to the leading edge of N1, but this contribution is small, except in the central 6 degrees. The depolarization of the ON-bipolars and the recovery of the OFF-bipolars contribute to the leading edge of the major positive component (P1), with the recovery of the ON-bipolars being the dominant influence on the trailing edge. The waveform of the human mfERG most closely resembles the rhesus monkey's mfERG after administration of TTX. CONCLUSIONS:The monkey's mfERG is shaped by large contributions from ON- and OFF-bipolar cells, combined with both spiking and nonspiking inner retinal contributions, and a small contribution from the photoreceptors. In comparison, the human mfERG resembles the monkey's mfERG after reduction of inner retinal contributions. Based on the pharmacologic dissection of the monkey's mfERG, a model of the waveform of the human mfERG is proposed. This model suggests that the waveform can be understood as a combination of overlapping ON- and OFF-bipolar cell contributions combined with smaller contributions from inner retina and photoreceptors.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Hood DC,Frishman LJ,Saszik S,Viswanathan Skeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
1673-85issue
5eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To develop models for assessing the differential growth of the fetal face along its horizontal and vertical axes, as well as of the orbit and the eye. METHODS:Normal human fetuses (n = 205), whose gestational ages ranged from 15.5 to 41 weeks of amenorrhea, were examined. Orbitofacial parameters were as follow...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology of the apical surface of rabbit retinal pigment epithelium was studied by scanning electron microscopy from the first minute to several hours after making small nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachments (blebs). From 0 to 5 min, there were only slight changes in the homogeneous, dense mat of filamentous mic...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady-state visual evoked potentials were elicited by the appearance/disappearance of sinusoidal gratings of varying spatial frequency for both eyes of amblyopic subjects. The amblyopic eyes showed reduced responses and a phase shift relative to the nonamblyopic eyes across a wide range of spatial frequencies. Both t...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate changes in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and visual performance following supplementation with different macular carotenoid formulations. METHODS:Thirty-six subjects (19 male, 17 female; mean SD, age 51 13 years) were recruited into this single-masked placebo-controlled study, and were ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10690
更新日期:2012-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine, with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness among patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) of different degrees of disease severity. METHODS:One eye in each of 25 RP patients was included. All patients underwent complete ocular e...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0404
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Lectin studies have shown that in the rabbit corneal epithelium, alpha-2,3 sialylation of O-linked glycans differentiates limbal and corneal epithelial cell phenotypes. Because sialic acid can be regulated at the level of the expression of sialyltransferases (STs), the purpose of the present study was to analyz...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Q-switched neodymium-YAG (infrared) laser lesions at energies up to and including retinal hemorrhages were placed under visual control in the parafovea and the fovea of anesthetized monkeys. Visual-evoked potential (VEP) data were obtained by parallel analog (vector voltmeter) techniques from scalp electrodes in respo...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study relationships between glaucoma-sensitive components identified with frequency-domain analysis of global-flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), regional retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and local visual field sensitivity (VS). METHODS:Eleven macaque monkeys, including four controls and...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6667
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the risk factors for bilateral and unilateral disease in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS:The study analyzed data from consecutive NTG patients with either bilateral (n = 194) or unilateral (n = 193) disease. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the following potential risk fac...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1886
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine if cataract surgery on eyes with AMD confers as much functional visual improvement as surgery on eyes without retinal pathology. METHODS:This is a retrospective analysis of 4924 cataract surgeries from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Ophthalmic Surgical Outcomes Data Project (OSOD). We incl...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-16069
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of an ophthalmic and anthropometric survey of two free-breeding rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) populations, intraocular pressure (IOP) of 114 animals was measured under ketamine catalepsia with the use of a floating-tip pneumatonometer. The mean IOP of the 102 animals included in the main analyses was 14.9 +/-...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An imaging fundus reflectometer has been used to study the distribution and regeneration of visual pigments in the retina of the adult living cat. Measurements were made over an area of tapetal retina extending 25 degrees nasal and 40 degrees temporal to the area centralis on the horizontal meridian and 5 degrees infe...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Glucocorticoid sensitivity in glaucoma has been attributed to differences in the expression of the two glucocorticoid receptors, GRalpha and GRbeta. GRalpha undergoes steroid-dependent nuclear translocation by associating with a heat shock protein (Hsp)90 multiprotein heterocomplex. The nuclear transport of the...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0697
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have been associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. In uveal melanoma, a high expression of HLA classes I and II, and infiltration with lymphocytes and macrophages are associated with a bad prognosis. Inflammation has an important role in this malignancy...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8901
更新日期:2012-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To analyze the roles of vitreal macrophages and circulating leukocytes in retinal vascular growth. METHODS:Bone marrow (BM) cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were transplanted into postnatal day (P)1 mice after irradiation. The mice were exposed to 76% to 78% oxygen (P7-P12), to initia...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5798
更新日期:2011-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the impact of glaucoma-related vision loss on measures of out-loud reading, including time to say individual words, interval time between consecutive words, lexical errors, skipped words, and repetitions. METHODS:Glaucoma subjects (n = 63) with bilateral visual field loss and glaucoma suspect control...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-15462
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is an important component of the fibroelastic membranes formed in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). These membranes consist of cells intermingled with fibrillar proteins, such as elastin and collagen. Because RPE cells may be exposed to vitreous a...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To explore the effect of dominance and laterality on refractive error and axial length. METHODS:Ocular dominance was assessed with the hole-in-the-card test in 543 children during their 2006 follow-up visits for the Singapore Cohort study Of the Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM). Data were compared to cycloplegi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.06-1489
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficiency, cell specificity, stability, and toxicity of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated retinal transduction in vivo in the adult immunocompetent mouse. To assess the usefulness of green fluorescent protein (GFP) for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of retinal transgene expr...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To observe the spatial distribution of households with high loads of ocular chlamydia infection in children, before and after mass treatment with azithromycin to determine whether there exists spatial clustering of households with high loads of infection and the spatial scale of the clustering. METHODS:All res...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0326
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To identify cell types and extracellular matrix components in Molteno implant capsules. METHODS:Histologic features including cytology, distribution of apoptotic cells, cytoantigens, collagens, basement membranes, elastic fibers, and glycoproteins were examined by light microscopy. Findings were correlated wit...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1424
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to play a role in many vascular diseases. In the study described, the effect of AII on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and related intracellular signaling mechanism was investigated in bovine retinal microcapillary pericytes. METHODS:Cultured bovine reti...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the order and components of the signaling pathway utilized by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate conjunctival goblet cell proliferation. METHODS:Goblet cells from rat bulbar and forniceal conjunctiva and human bulbar conjunctiva were grown in organ culture. Goblet cells (GCs) were serum st...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12473
更新日期:2013-08-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We investigated whether the tear interferometric pattern was able to identify differences in tear film kinetics among clinical subtypes of dry eye. METHODS:A total of 138 eyes of 76 subjects (38 men and 38 women; mean age ± SD, 61.6 ± 16.2 years) with or without dry eye who visited Itoh Clinic from May to Augu...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19788
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to characterize the morphology of the anterior opacities formed during recovery from posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. METHODS:Lenses from RCS rats at 8 and 12 weeks postnatal (n = 14 and 12, respectively) were examined under a dissect...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of zinc against oxidative stress in cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS:Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of zinc for various times. Cellular glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1322
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The exact pathophysiological processes underlying keratoconus remain an enigma. In this study, laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was used to define further the microstructural abnormalities in the keratoconic cornea and to establish the relationship with disease severity. METHODS:This was a pro...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0968
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced macular degeneration is an important cause of vision loss in the United States with over 2 million people affected by the disease. Despite substantial progress in the development of new therapies for wet AMD, the severe visual impairment associated with geographic atrophy in dry AMD or Stargardt disease remai...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18681
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Keratoconus disease or post-LASIK corneal ectasia are increasingly treated using UV-A/riboflavin-induced corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). However, this treatment suffers from a lack of techniques to provide an assessment in real-time of the CXL effects. Here, we investigated the potential interest of corne...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9142
更新日期:2012-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:A recent proposal for why glaucomatous perimetric sensitivities of approximately 15 to 19 dB or less are unreliable involves the idea that the neural response of normal retinal ganglion cells saturates for intense perimetric stimuli. A predicted consequence of this saturation is that the neural response for two...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20004
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00