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Corn pollen deposition on milkweeds in and near cornfields.

Abstract：

:The density of corn pollen on leaves of milkweed plants inside and outside of cornfields was measured in several studies from different localities. The purpose was to obtain a representative picture of naturally occurring pollen densities to provide a perspective for laboratory and field studies of monarch larvae feeding on milkweed leaves with Bt corn pollen. Pollen density was highest (average 170.6 grains per cm(2)) inside the cornfield and was progressively lower from the field edge outward, falling to 14.2 grains per cm(2) at 2 m. Inside the cornfield, and for each distance from the field edge, a frequency distribution is presented showing the proportion of leaf samples with different pollen densities. Inside cornfields, 95% of leaf samples had pollen densities below 600 grains per cm(2) and the highest pollen density observed was 1400 grains per cm(2), which occurred in a study with a rainless anthesis period. All other studies had rainfall events during the anthesis period. A single rain event can remove 54-86% of the pollen on leaves. Leaves on the upper portion of milkweed plants, where young monarch larvae tend to feed, had only 30-50% of the pollen density levels of middle leaves.

journal_name

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

journal_title

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors

Pleasants JM,Hellmich RL,Dively GP,Sears MK,Stanley-Horn DE,Mattila HR,Foster JE,Clark P,Jones GD

doi

10.1073/pnas.211287498

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2001-10-09 00:00:00

pages

11919-24

issue

21

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

211287498

journal_volume

98

pub_type

杂志文章

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