Abstract:
:Using a liberal definition of corneal irregularity, modern videokeratoscopy may define approximately 40% of normal corneas with a toric refractive error as possessing primary irregular astigmatism. The causes of secondary forms of irregular astigmatism include corneal surgery, trauma, dystrophies, and infections. Internal refractive surface and media irregularity or noncorneal astigmatism (ocular residual astigmatism) contribute to irregular astigmatism of the entire refractive path of which crystaline lenticular astigmatism is usually the principal contributing component. Treatment options have increased in recent years, particularly, though not exclusively, through the advent of tailored corneal excimer laser ablations. However, discussion continues concerning the systematic approach necessary to enable treatment to achieve an optimal optical surface for the eye. Discussion also continues as to what constitutes the optimal corneal shape. Some refractive procedures may increase higher order aberrations in the attempt to neutralize refractive astigmatism. The way to further refinement of the commonly performed refractive techniques will ultimately lie in the integrated inclusion of a trio of technologies: topographic analysis of the corneal surface, wavefront analysis of ocular refractive aberrations, and vector planning to enable the appropriate balance in emphasis between these two diagnostic modalities. For the uncommon, irregularly roughened corneas, the ablatable polymer techniques show some promise.
journal_name
Curr Opin Ophthalmoljournal_title
Current opinion in ophthalmologyauthors
Goggin M,Alpins N,Schmid LMdoi
10.1097/00055735-200008000-00007keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
260-6issue
4eissn
1040-8738issn
1531-7021journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Several different laser types are available on the market for the practitioner to use in refractive surgery. Each laser type has certain parameters that the surgeon must understand to obtain the best refractive outcomes. Studies published in peer-reviewed literature between February 2002 and March 2003 show that refra...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-200308000-00008
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas intraocular pressure is considered a major risk factor in glaucoma, growing evidence now indicates that ocular ischemia plays a major role too. By virtue of this and because many existing medications are able to interact with vasculature, altering ocular blood flow, it is essential that current and future medi...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-200104000-00009
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of cataract in glaucoma patients has been continuously changing over the past decade. Extracapsular cataract extraction has been replaced by small-incision phacoemulsification with foldable lenses, and in glaucoma surgery, adjunctive antifibrotic therapy based on risk factors for failure has become stan...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-200102000-00008
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Glaucoma secondary to intraocular tumors is important to consider in eyes with a known tumor and those with unilateral or refractory glaucoma. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms and management of intraocular tumors with related secondary glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS:Several intraocu...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000550
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide an update on clinical and experimental literature for ocular surface effects of glaucoma therapy and to provide practical guidelines for ophthalmologists treating glaucoma patients with ocular surface disease (OSD). RECENT FINDINGS:Preservatives, notably benzalkonium chloride (BAK), contin...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32835c8aba
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To discuss a new class of medication that has recently become available for the treatment of glaucoma; as well as share insights into developments in glaucoma medicine administration which has the potential to revolutionize medical therapy for glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS:Newly available eye drops, neta...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000740
更新日期:2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Sjögren syndrome is a chronic systemic disease characterized by polyglandular tissue destruction leading to keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and xerostomia. Patients with primary Sjögren syndrome show evidence of KCS and xerostomia, whereas patients with secondary Sjögren syndrome suffer from KCS, xerostomia, and an a...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-200012000-00011
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serpiginous choroiditis is a bilateral, inflammatory condition of the inner choroid and overlying retinal pigment epithelium with a distinctive retinal distribution. Although rare, serpiginous choroiditis deserves attention because it can lead to permanent loss of vision due to foveal involvement by inflammation or ch...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-200306000-00003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The history, pharmacology, indications, complications, and success rates of botulinum administration are discussed in this review as they relate to strabismus and associated conditions. RECENT FINDINGS:Botulinum has been used to treat strabismus and a variety of other ocular conditions for over three...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.icu.0000243018.97627.4c
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Many causes of toxic optic neuropathy have been described to date and novel causes of toxicity are continuously being added to the current literature. The pathophysiological basis for the toxicity or a direct causal relationship is yet to be determined for many of these agents. This review highlights ...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000001
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review current concepts and future directions of corneal cross-linking (CXL) as a treatment for keratoconus, ectasia after refractive surgery and infectious keratitis. RECENT FINDINGS:Several important laboratory and clinical studies have established the safety and success of corneal cross-linking...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000146
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ophthalmologists continue to choose topical antibiotics and corticosteroids more frequently than injectable agents for their current cataract surgical techniques. The preoperative use of povidone-iodine 5% and the postoperative use of impregnated soft contact lenses have helped augment our therapeutic armamentarium. N...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute demyelinating optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of inflammation of the optic nerve. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) has provided important clinical data on the use of corticosteroids, and demonstrated that patients with characteristic inflammatory lesions w...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-200212000-00006
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) has the potential to cause significant visual morbidity and functional disability in patients with recalcitrant disease, keratitis, and postherpetic neuralgia. This article will review the current methods of prevention and treatment of anterior segment-related chronic ...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000492
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent advances in the design and material of phakic intraocular lenses have made them very predictable, safe and effective. The use of these lenses in refractive surgery is expected to increase very significantly in the near future. The aim of this review is to update the reader regarding the recent ...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283009f0a
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease that commonly affects the eye and less often the neuro-ophthalmic pathways. The manifestations can be quite variable but can have characteristic signs and clinical features. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various ocular and neur...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000415
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clonidine hydrochloride, apraclonidine hydrochloride, and brimonidine tartrate constitute the three topical alpha agonists that are used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure. All the alpha agonists have prejunctional (alpha 2) as well as postjunctional (alpha 1) effects. Within the past year, questions ha...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-199804000-00006
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Advances in the design of intraocular lenses give options to patients for some return to the optical accommodation needed to focus on objects at different distances. Technology is only improving these options for presbyopic-correcting intraocular lenses. Surgeons must consider the possible neuroadapta...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f31758
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:A variety of techniques exist for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Of note, scleral fixated intraocular lenses have become more popular with a variety of techniques, both with and without use of sutures. Herein, we focus on reviewing recently published studies describing the long-term ou...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000661
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been a number of technical developments in the field of visual electrodiagnosis in recent years, some of which are beginning to "bear fruit" in terms of improving accuracy of diagnosis. In addition there is more information available from electrophysiology and neurochemistry of retinal function that will le...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-199512000-00009
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review of recent articles on ocular toxicology concentrates on undesirable effects on the eye induced by systemically used xenobiotics. These include color vision deficiencies or visual field deterioration related to antiepileptic drugs, elevated intraocular pressure associated with inhaled corticosteroids, retin...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-199712000-00016
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in cataract surgery have reduced the incidence of corneal complications. Review of the current literature reveals a trend toward early visual rehabilitation and minimization of postoperative astigmatism by careful selection of incision type and location for small-incision cataract surgery. Since the in...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-199608000-00010
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The successful treatment of canalicular obstructions continues to represent a therapeutic challenge. Conjuctivodacryocystorhinostomy with a Lester Jones bypass tube is the standard treatment in these situations. Although a high rate of anatomic success can be achieved with this procedure, a relatively...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32832ec3e0
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The phaco machine is frequently overlooked as the crucial surgical instrument it is. Understanding how to set parameters is initiated by understanding fundamental concepts of machine function. RECENT FINDINGS:This study analyses the critical concepts of partial occlusion phaco, occlusion phaco and pu...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32835b0770
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility for visual improvement after the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes with laser photocoagulation is poor. The surgical excision of these membranes in age-related macular degeneration, the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, idiopathic neovascularization, and myopia is the focus ...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00055735-199306000-00004
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular occlusions of the retina and choroid can cause severe visual loss. These occlusions can occur as a result of systemic disease or after surgery. In most cases, the retinal appearance provides evidence of ischemia as the cause of visual loss. On occasion, however, clinical examination shows no objective signs o...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00055735-199912000-00002
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The management of retinoblastoma is complex and involves strategically chosen methods of enucleation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, laser photocoagulation, thermotherapy, and cryotherapy. Chemotherapy has become the most common eye-sparing modality. There are four routes of delivery of chemotherapy for ...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000091
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe trends in corneal transplantation surgery, including indications for surgery, evolution of lamellar keratoplasty, current surgical techniques, and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS:Over the past decade, anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty have begun to supplant penetrating kerat...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000080
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neonatal corneal opacification (NCO) describes the loss of corneal transparency at or soon after (<4 weeks) birth. Historically, the literature is strewn with terminology that has been at best misleading and at worst, a hindrance to selecting the appropriate treatment plan for, accurate genotype-pheno...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e328356893d
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The evolution of laser technology has left today's refractive surgeon with a choice between multiple laser platforms. The purpose of this review is to compare currently available femtosecond and excimer laser platforms, providing a summary of current evidence. RECENT FINDINGS:Femtosecond lasers creat...
journal_title:Current opinion in ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000268
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00