Abstract：
:A three-dimensional, mathematical model of the elbow and wrist joints, including 15 muscle units, 3 ligaments and 4 joint forces, has been developed. A new strain gauge transducer has been developed to measure functional grip forces. The device measures radial forces divided into six components and forces of up to 250N per segment can be measured with an accuracy of +/-1%. Ten normal volunteers were asked to complete four tasks representing occupational activities, during which time their grip force was monitored. Together with kinematic information from the six-camera Vicon data, the moment effect of these loads at the joints was calculated. These external moments are assumed to be balanced by the internal moments, generated by the muscles, passive soft tissue and bone contact. The effectiveness of the body's internal structures in generating joint moments was assessed by studying the geometry of a simplified model of the structures, where information about the lines of action and moment arms of muscles, tendons and ligaments is contained. The assumption of equilibrium between these external and internal joint moments allows formulation of a set of equations from which muscle and joint forces can be calculated. A two stage, linear optimisation routine minimising the overall muscle stress and the sum of the joint forces has been used to overcome the force-sharing problem. Humero-ulnar forces of up to 1600N, humero-radial forces of up to 800N and wrist joint forces of up to 2800N were found for moderate level activity. The model was validated by comparison with other studies.
journal_name
J Biomechjournal_title
Journal of biomechanicsauthors
Chadwick EK,Nicol ACdoi
10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00184-0keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-05-01 00:00:00pages
591-600issue
5eissn
0021-9290issn
1873-2380pii
S0021-9290(99)00184-0journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Continuum finite element (FE) models of bones have become a standard pre-clinical tool to estimate bone strength. These models are usually based on clinical CT scans and material properties assigned are chosen as isotropic based only on the density distribution. It has been shown, however, that trabecular bone elastic...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.07.042
更新日期：2013-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suspected that the mechanical environment in which a particular joint functions has an effect on the initiation or progression of degenerative joint disease. The objective of this study is to define the mechanical environment of the ankle joint, specifically, the contact areas and pressure distributions, t...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(83)90132-x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The swimming process by which mammal spermatozoa progress towards an egg within the reproductive organs is important in achieving successful internal fertilization. The viscosity of oviductal mucus is more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of water, and oviductal mucus also has non-Newtonian properties. I...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper deals with the analysis of human arm movement in a crank-rotation task that is an example of environmentally constrained movements. Opening a door, rotating a steering wheel, and pushing a carriage are other typical examples of movements where the physical constraints, imposed on the hand position/orientati...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.05.034
更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The central paradigm of skeletal mechanobiology is that mechanical forces modulate morphological and structural fitness of the skeletal tissues-bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon. Traditionally, skeletal biomechanics has focussed on how these tissues perform the structural and locomotory functions of the vertebrate ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00184-1
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present article investigates the influence of center-of-mass movements on the variation of the structure in human postural sway. Twelve healthy younger persons performed 60s quiet standing, 60s relaxed standing, and 10 min relaxed standing on two force plates. Center-of-pressure (CoP) and gravitational line (GL) p...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.10.016
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Movement variability has become an important field of research and has been studied to gain a better understanding of the neuro-muscular control of human movements. In addition to studies investigating "amplitude variability" there are a growing number of studies assessing the "temporal variability" in movements by ap...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.02.008
更新日期：2012-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental evidence demonstrates that collagen cross-linking in bone tissue significantly influences its deformation and failure behavior yet difficulties exist in determining the independent biomechanical effects of collagen cross-linking using in vitro and in vivo experiments. The aim of this study is to use a nan...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.017
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the common precursors of several functionally disparate cell lineages. A plethora of chemical and physical stimuli contribute to lineage decisions and guidance, including mechanical stretch concomitant with physical movement. Here, we examined how stretch regulates MSC differentiation...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.013
更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The non-disabled human ankle joint was examined during walking in an attempt to determine overall system characteristics for use in the design of ankle prostheses. The hypothesis of the study was that the quasi-stiffness of the ankle changes when walking at different walking speeds. The hypothesis was examined using s...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.01.017
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary aim of this work is to investigate the potential of nonlinear ultrasound for microdamage detection in human bone. Microdamage evaluation in human bone is of great importance, because it is considered a significant parameter for characterizing fracture risk. Experiments employing nonlinear acoustic vibro-mo...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.12.018
更新日期：2009-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The patchy distribution of atherosclerosis within arteries is widely attributed to local variation in haemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS). A recently-introduced metric, the transverse wall shear stress (transWSS), which is the average over the cardiac cycle of WSS components perpendicular to the temporal mean WSS vec...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.035
更新日期：2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Bending and compressive loads were applied intermittently at 0.5 Hz through implants chronically inserted into the radius and ulna of experimental sheep. The plane of bending was the same as that imposed during locomotion. The principal variables of the artificial strain regime were the peak strains and strain rates, ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(82)90092-6
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden deceleration and frontal/rear impact configurations involve rapid movements that can cause spinal injuries. This study aimed to investigate the rotation rate effect on the L2-L3 motion segment load-sharing and to identify which spinal structure is at risk of failure and at what rotation velocity the failure may...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.036
更新日期：2009-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Wall thickness and medial line radii of an in vitro canine heart are measured. These data are assumed to be characteristic of the in vivo ventricles subject to zero pressure, and in the absence of filling. The myocardium is taken to be homogeneous, isotropic, non-linearly elastic, and incompressible. The right ventric...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(82)90171-3
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109591
更新日期：2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we present a study of the post valvular flow field on a new cardiovascular simulator including an elastic model of the aortic arch. Transverse and vertical two-dimensional velocity measurements are performed with an ultrasonic velocimeter. Two prosthetic heart valves are tested in the aortic position. Th...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(85)90054-5
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a total-contact insole with and without subthreshold mechanical random noise on the balance control in diabetic patients with mild-to-moderate peripheral neuropathy. Twenty diabetic patients with mild-to-moderate neuropathy was recruited to this study. A tota...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109656
更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the context of improving knowledge of the structure-function relations for trabecular bone for cyclic loading, we hypothesized that the S-N curve for cyclic compressive loading of trabecular bone, after accounting for differences in monotonic strength behavior, does not depend on either site or species. Thirty-...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00245-8
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of adaptive bone remodeling can be described mathematically and simulated in a computer model, integrated with the finite element method. In the model discussed here, cortical and trabecular bone are described as continuous materials with variable density. The remodeling rule applied to simulate the remode...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(92)90056-7
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transmission of load through the lumbar spine was analyzed in a model of the five lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum/pelvis and the thorax, and 66 symmetric pairs of multijoint muscles. The model was used to test the hypotheses that (1) the need to maintain equilibrium simultaneously at all vertebral levels precludes si...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(94)e0040-a
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased knee flexion during stance is a common gait deviation in the child with cerebral palsy (CP), with distal hamstring lengthening surgeries being an accepted course of treatment. Post-operatively, improvements in gait kinematics have been reported, however little change is noted in the patterns of muscle activi...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.01.001
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) alone cannot account for all factors associated with the risk of hip fractures. For example, the inhomogeneity of bone mineral density in the hip region also contributes to bone strength. In the stochastic assessment of bone inhomogene...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.030
更新日期：2015-04-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Wheelchair-dependent subjects often adopt a passive sitting posture and suffer from sitting acquired pressure ulcers (PU) that mainly occur when high buttock pressures sustain for a longer period of time. Body posture directly influences seating load and proper postural change is therefore essential. Many subjects can...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.012
更新日期：2008-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of age and sex on trunk motor control. Fifty healthy adults (aged between 19 and 67 years, 28 males) participated in this study. Trunk motor control was assessed using force-controlled perturbations directly applied to the trunk. Admittance (inverse of lumped int...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109607
更新日期：2020-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated spatio-temporal variables, ground reaction forces and sagittal and frontal plane kinematics during the stance phase of nine trained subjects running barefoot and shod at three different velocities (3.5, 4.5, 5.5 m s(-1)). Differences between conditions were detected with the general linear meth...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00192-x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of stress deprivation on the tendon tissue has been an important focus in the field of biomechanics. However, less is known about the in vivo effect of stress deprivation on fibroblast apoptosis as of yet. This study was conducted to test a hypothesis that complete stress deprivation of the patellar tendon ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.07.027
更新日期：2009-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal arthrodesis continues to expand in clinical indications and surgical practice. Despite a century of study, failure of bone formation or pseudarthrosis can occur in individual patients with debilitating clinical symptoms. Here we review biological and technical aspects of spinal fusion under active investigation...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.021
更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A continuous wave technique is described for measuring the nine independent orthotropic elastic coefficients from a single cubic specimen. The side dimensions of this cubic specimen are on the order of 5 mm. Because of the small size of the specimen, the spatial resolution of material inhomogeneity using this techniqu...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(84)90029-0
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ex vivo studies have suggested that cartilage contact areas and pressure are of high clinical relevance in the etiology of osteoarthritis in patients with patellar subluxation. The aims of this study were therefore to validate in vivo measurements of contact areas with 3D open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.09.008
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
