Abstract:
:A reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) assay for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin A is presented. Purified monoclonal antibody (mAb 37B5) was used for latex sensitization. The culture supernatants of 93 strains of C. difficile were tested by RPLA assay and the results compared with those of a commercially available latex agglutination test, PCR and cytotoxin assay with Vero cells. There was agreement between RPLA, cytotoxicity and PCR assays, but 29 strains were positive in the RPLA assay while 35 were positive in the cytotoxicity test and PCR using primer pair NK3-NK2 directed to the nonrepeating portion of the C. difficile toxin A gene. The 6 cytotoxic but RPLA-negative strains were demonstrated to be toxin A-negative/toxin B-positive strains in the PCR assay by using primer pair NK11-NK9 directed to the repeating portion of the C. difficile toxin A gene. There were no cross-reactions with culture supernatants of the other clostridial strains except for two strains of C. sordelli that produced hemorrhagic toxin (which is immunologically related to C. difficile toxin A).
journal_name
Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Microbiology and immunologyauthors
Toma C,Nakamura S,Kamiya S,Nakasone N,Iwanaga Mdoi
10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02464.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
737-42issue
8eissn
0385-5600issn
1348-0421journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is an immunomodulatory epitope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). An aptamer (ZXL1) that specifically binds to ManLAM from the virulent Mtb H37Rv strain was previously generated and it was found that ZXL1 functions as an antagonist, inhibiting the ManLAM-induced immunosuppre...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12470
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the efficacy of three SARS vaccine candidates in a murine SARS model utilizing low-virulence Pp and SARS-CoV coinfection. Vaccinated mice were protected from severe respiratory disease in parallel with a low virus titer in the lungs and a high neutralizing antibody titer in the plasma. Importantly, the ad...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00097.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cattle enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens toxins is a noncontagious, sporadic, and fatal disease characterized by sudden death. Strategies for controlling and preventing cattle enterotoxemia are based on systematic vaccination of herds with toxoids. Because the process of producing conventional clostridia...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12198
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to clarify the taxonomic relationship between all the serovars and species of the genus Erysipelothrix by performing DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the customary criterion for separation of bacterial genospecies. A total of 93 strains were isolated from a wide variety of sources, incl...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00061.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In malignant B lymphoma cells interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression is frequently upregulated. This effect is thought to support to the malignant transformation of these cells and to be a potential target for pharmacotherapy. To define better the mechanism for upregulation of the IL-10 gene, we tested the association betw...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03885.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nineteen strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from wild ducks in Japan were placed into 4 distinct antigenic groups on the basis of their reactivities to 8 monoclonal antibodies against the HN molecule of NDV in hemagglutination inhibition tests. The NDV strains of duck origin were antigenically distinct ...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb03144.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the presence of sphingoglycolipid in cellular lipids of the type strains, transfer of "Rhizomonas" suberifaciens, Blastomonas natatoria and Erythromonas ursincola to the genus Sphingomonas as Sphingomonas suberifaciens (van Bruggen et al 1990) comb. nov.,...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02414.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-12 is one of the cytokines that induce acquired immunity by progressing the differentiation of T cells. When antigens are presented by APCs, including macrophages and DCs, T cells are activated and produce the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. We have previously reported greater IL-12 production from macrophag...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12326
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Streptococcus pneumoniae, heat shock induces the synthesis of 65-, 73-, and 84-kDa proteins, and ethanol shock induces a 104-kDa protein. In this study, the 65-, 84-, and 104-kDa proteins were identified as members of the GroEL, ClpL and alcohol dehydrogenase families, respectively, and the general properties of th...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02474.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammals have co-evolved with retroviruses, including lentiviruses, over a long period. Evidence supporting this contention is that viral infectivity factor (Vif) encoded by lentiviruses antagonizes the anti-viral action of cellular apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) of the host...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12387
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human interferon-gammas (rHuIFN-gamma s) were obtained from two different mammalian cells (mouse C127 cells and Chinese hamster ovary, CHO, cells) cultured in a microcarrier culture system. Both rHuIFN-gamma s were purified using sequential chromatographies for their comparison of structural properties. Th...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01410.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of a water-soluble peptidoglycan fragment derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis (SEPS) were examined as to their role in proliferation of spleen mononuclear cells (SMNC) from various strains of mice, the production of cytokines in vitro, and the induction of an inflammatory reaction in vivo. The proli...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb01679.x
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noroviruses cause acute gastroenteritis. Since multiple genotypes of norovirus co-circulate in humans, changing the genotype composition and eluding host immunity, development of a polyvalent vaccine against norovirus in which the genotypes of vaccine strains match the major strains in circulation in the target season...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12384
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Live attenuated bacteria can be used as a carrier for the delivery of foreign antigens to a host's immune system. The N-terminal domain of SipB, a translocon protein of the type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is required for secretion and outer membrane localization. In the present st...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00480.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a convenient method for assaying the receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) activity of influenza C virus. This method measures the ability of the RDE to destroy the hemagglutination-inhibition activity of a potent inhibitor present in rat serum. Some physico-chemical properties of the RDE of influenza C v...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1985.tb00910.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to count Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in milk after membrane filtration, murine 21E7-B12 monoclonal antibody was produced. Elution of the monoclonal antibody from this antigen, the flagellar filament protein, by carbohydrate ligands was used to study the epitope structure. A competitive elution of an anti...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02256.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies to influenza A virus were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera from two of seven Baikal seals (Phoca sibrica) and from five of six ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in Russia. In a hemagglutination-inhibition test using H1-H15 reference influenza A viruses, ELISA-positive sera fro...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03610.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 8-year-old girl with meningococcal meningitis lacked serum complement activity. The seventh component of complement (C7) could not be detected in her serum by either functional or immunochemical analysis. The levels of the other components were within the normal range. Her serum complement activity was restored by ...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1986.tb00953.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::B. pertussis is a causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. Despite wide-scale vaccination in many countries, there is serious concern about pertussis as a re-emerging disease. Re-emergence of pertussis may be explained by several factors: the short duration of protection by the currently available acel...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00028.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to sequence the central part of the coding region of the Clostridium tyrobutyricum fiagellin gene to improve the immunoenzymatic counting of cells after milk filtration. The coding region was amplified by PCR, and the amplified products were cloned. A DNA sequence analysis of positive clo...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02365.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The colH gene encoding 116-kDa collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum (cColH) was cloned into an Escherichia coli-Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector to develop a method for purification of recombinant collagenase (rColH). When plasmid pJCM310 containing the colH gene was introduced into B. subtilis DB104 and the transf...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01161.x
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a severe and prolonged respiratory disease that results inhas high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. The number incidence of whooping cough cases is increasing in many countries despite high vaccine coverage. Causes for the re-emergence of ...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12504
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NfxC-type mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the MexEF-OprN efflux pump and down-regulates expression of the quorum-sensing-dependent efflux pump MexAB-OprM and production of virulence factors in the presence of an active transcriptional regulator, MexT. Consequently, these cells are resistant to chloramphe...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12032
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospira was isolated from environmental water in central Japan using selective medium comprising five antibiotics, namely sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin B, fosfomycin, and 5-fluorouracil. Of 100 water samples 57 (57%) were culture-positive and 50 pure cultures were isolated. Of the 50 cultures isolate...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12741
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::SCG is a major 6-branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan in Sparassis crispa Fr. SCG shows antitumor activity and also enhances the hematopoietic response in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of the enhancement of the hematopoietic response was investigated. The levels of interferon-...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03841.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate DNA fingerprinting as an epidemiologic tool, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on isolates of Salmonella, including S. typhimurium, S. thompson, and S. enteritidis. Chromosomal DNA was digested with the restriction endonucleases Bln I and Xba I. The patterns of S. thompson and S. typhim...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb03255.x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 170 million people worldwide. HCV infection is a major global health problem as it can be complicated with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. So far, there is no vaccine available and the non-specific, interferon (IFN)-based treatments now in u...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00403.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A chemotaxonomic study was carried out on 31 strains of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae bio-serogroup Hakata, isolated in Japan, which possesses the Inaba antigen C of O1 V. cholerae. On the basis of the compositional sugar pattern of the polysaccharide portion of their lipopolysaccharides, the 23 strains isolated from the env...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1989.tb03162.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the causative agent of botulism in humans and animals. Only BoNT serotype A subtype 1 (BoNT/A1) is used clinically because of its high potency and long duration of action. BoNT/A1 and BoNT/A subtype 2 (BoNT/A2) have a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity in the light chain (LC) ...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12796
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::β-1,3-glucan is a major component of fungal cell walls with various biological activities, including effects on the production of inflammatory mediators in vivo and in vitro. However, few reports have examined its influence on the fungal cell itself. In this study, the influences of β-1,3-glucan on the growth and cell...
journal_title:Microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00264.x
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00