Abstract:
:How a stimulus impacts spinal cord function depends upon temporal relations. When intermittent noxious stimulation (shock) is applied and the interval between shock pulses is varied (unpredictable), it induces a lasting alteration that inhibits adaptive learning. If the same stimulus is applied in a temporally regular (predictable) manner, the capacity to learn is preserved and a protective/restorative effect is engaged that counters the adverse effect of variable stimulation. Sensitivity to temporal relations implies a capacity to encode time. This study explores how spinal neurons discriminate variable and fixed spaced stimulation. Communication with the brain was blocked by means of a spinal transection and adaptive capacity was tested using an instrumental learning task. In this task, subjects must learn to maintain a hind limb in a flexed position to minimize shock exposure. To evaluate the possibility that a distinct class of afferent fibers provide a sensory cue for regularity, we manipulated the temporal relation between shocks given to two dermatomes (leg and tail). Evidence for timing emerged when the stimuli were applied in a coherent manner across dermatomes, implying that a central (spinal) process detects regularity. Next, we show that fixed spaced stimulation has a restorative effect when half the physical stimuli are randomly omitted, as long as the stimuli remain in phase, suggesting that stimulus regularity is encoded by an internal oscillator Research suggests that the oscillator that drives the tempo of stepping depends upon neurons within the rostral lumbar (L1-L2) region. Disrupting communication with the L1-L2 tissue by means of a L3 transection eliminated the restorative effect of fixed spaced stimulation. Implications of the results for step training and rehabilitation after injury are discussed.
journal_name
Front Behav Neuroscijournal_title
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscienceauthors
Lee KH,Huang YJ,Grau JWdoi
10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-11 00:00:00pages
14issn
1662-5153journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Patients with schizophrenia show neurophysiological and psychological disturbances before the onset of the illness. Mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential, has been shown to be associated with cognitive function. Specifically, duration MMN (dMMN) amplitudes have been indicated to predict progression to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00148
更新日期:2013-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of prefrontal cortex in time interval estimation. The underlying neural processes are poorly understood, however, in part because of the paucity of physiological studies. The goal of this study was to establish an interval timing task for physiological recordings in ra...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/neuro.08.038.2009
更新日期:2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Ecstatic epileptic seizures are a rare but compelling epileptic entity. During the first seconds of these seizures, ecstatic auras provoke feelings of well-being, intense serenity, bliss, and "enhanced self-awareness." They are associated with the impression of time dilation, and can be described as a mystic experienc...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00021
更新日期:2016-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory processing in behaving animals, even at early stages, is inextricable from top down influences associated with odor perception. The anatomy of the olfactory network (olfactory bulb, piriform, and entorhinal cortices) and its unique direct access to the limbic system makes it particularly attractive to study ...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00218
更新日期:2014-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Acquisition of social dominance is important for social species including mice, for preferential access to foods and mates. Male mice establish social rank through agonistic behaviors, which are regulated by gonadal steroid hormone, testosterone, as its original form and aromatized form. It is well known that estrogen...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00245
更新日期:2018-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabinoid compounds may influence both emotional and cognitive processes depending on the level of environmental aversiveness at the time of drug administration. However, the mechanisms responsible for these responses remain to be elucidated. The present experiments investigated the effects induced by the endocannab...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00011
更新日期:2012-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) was discovered as a substrate of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) enriched in dopamine-innervated brain areas. It is one of three related, PKA-regulated inhibitors of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). These inhibitors seem to have appeared in early vertebrate ancestors, possibly Gnathostomes. DARPP-32...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00056
更新日期:2011-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Medical decisions will often entail a broad search for relevant information. No sources alone may offer a complete picture, and many may be selective in their presentation. This selectivity may induce forgetting for previously learned material, thereby adversely affecting medical decision-making. In the study phase of...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00072
更新日期:2013-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been frequently linked to affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. However, much remains to be understood about the underlying molecular and signaling mechanisms that mediate affective dysfunctions following injury. A lack of consensus in animal studies regarding what the af...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00006
更新日期:2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Colony coherence is essential for eusocial insects because it supports the inclusive fitness of colony members. Ants quickly and reliably recognize who belongs to the colony (nestmates) and who is an outsider (non-nestmates) based on chemical recognition cues (cuticular hydrocarbons: CHCs) which as a whole constitute ...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00191
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Much research has recognized the general importance of maternal behavior in the early development and programing of the mammalian offspring's brain. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) duration, the amount of time in which breastfed meals are the only source of sustenance, plays a prominent role in promoting healthy brain a...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00459
更新日期:2015-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Humans value rewards less when these are delivered in the future as opposed to immediately, a phenomenon referred to as delay discounting. While delay discounting has been studied during the anticipation of rewards and in the context of intertemporal decision-making, little is known about its neural correlates in the ...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00280
更新日期:2015-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Isoflurane contributes to cognitive deficits when used as a general anesthetic, and so does sleep deprivation (SD). Patients usually suffer from insomnia before an operation due to anxiety, fear, and other factors. It remains unclear whether preoperative SD exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane. In th...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.589176
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Anesthetics are often used to characterize the activity of single neurons in vivo for their advantages such as reduction of noise level and convenience in noxious stimulations. Urethane has been a widely used anesthetic in thalamic studies under the assumption that sensory signals are still relayed to the thalamus und...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00141
更新日期:2013-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Comparisons of cognitive impairments between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) have produced mixed results. We applied different working memory (WM) measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay and Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back) to patients with SZ (n = 23), psychotic BPD (n = 19) and non-psychotic B...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00416
更新日期:2014-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The developing brain is vulnerable to social defeat during the juvenile period. As complements of human studies, animal models of social defeat provide a straightforward approach to investigating the functional and neurobiological consequences of social defeats. Taking advantage of agonist behavior and social defeat i...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00110
更新日期:2016-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 25 years, visual processing has been discussed in the context of the dual stream hypothesis consisting of a ventral ("what") and a dorsal ("where") visual information processing pathway. Patients with brain damage of the ventral pathway typically present with signs of visual agnosia, the inability to ide...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00056
更新日期:2012-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::The article is a perspective on utilization of microorganisms and chemosignals in studying human economic behavior. Research in biological roots of economic development has already confirmed that parasitic pressure influenced the creation and development of cultural norms and institutions. However, other effects of mi...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00077
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beneficial molecular and neuroplastic changes have been demonstrated in response to environmental enrichment (EE) in laboratory animals across the lifespan. Here, we investigated whether these effects extend to C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP), a widely expressed neuropeptide with putative involvement in neuroprotecti...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00142
更新日期:2018-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::The endocannabinoid (eCB) system possesses neuromodulatory functions by influencing the release of various neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. A functional interaction between eCBs and the serotonergic system has already been suggested. Previously, we showed that cannabinoid type-1 (...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00235
更新日期:2015-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::In animals, emotional memory is classically assessed through pavlovian fear conditioning in which a neutral novel stimulus (conditioned stimulus) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus. After conditioning, the conditioned stimulus elicits a fear response characterized by a wide range of behavioral and physi...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00025
更新日期:2011-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetoreception can play a substantial role in long distance navigation by animals. I hypothesize that locomotion guided by a magnetic compass sense could also play a role in short distance navigation. Animals identify mates, prey, or other short distance navigational goals using different sensory modalities (olfacti...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00042
更新日期:2010-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a key brain region for decision-making, action control and impulsivity. Quite notably, previous research has identified a double dissociation regarding the role of this cortical territory in impulsive choice. While medial orbitofrontal lesions increase preference for a large but delay...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00022
更新日期:2019-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::The new-released Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a "trauma and stressor-related disorder". PTSD pathogenesis relies on paradoxical changes of emotional memory processing induced by the trauma exposure and associated with emotional dysfuncti...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00142
更新日期:2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Very preterm (VPT) infants need long-lasting hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during which they are daily exposed to pain-related stress. Alterations of DNA methylation at the promoter region of the SLC6A4 have been associated with early adverse experiences in infants. The main aim of the pre...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00099
更新日期:2015-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal pain and stress induce long-term changes in pain sensitivity and behavior. Previously we found alterations in pain sensitivity in adolescent rats exposed to early-life adverse events. We tested whether these alterations have long-lasting effects and if those effects can be improved by the 5-hydroxytryptamine ...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00011
更新日期:2017-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Although an effective treatment for pediatric brain tumors, cranial radiation therapy (CRT) damages surrounding healthy tissue, thereby disrupting brain development. Animal models of pediatric CRT have primarily relied on visual tasks to assess cognitive impairment. Moreover, there has been a lack of sex comparisons a...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00158
更新日期:2018-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular processes in GABAergic local circuit neurons critically contribute to information processing in the hippocampus and to stress-induced activation of the amygdala. In the current study, we determined expression changes in GABA-related factors induced in subregions of the dorsal hippocampus as well as in the BL...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00003
更新日期:2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Testosterone reduces anxiety-like behaviors in rodents and increases exploration of anxiogenic parts of the environment. Effects of testosterone on innate defensive behaviors remain understudied. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous testosterone reduces aversion to cat odor in male mice. This is reflected as increased ...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00033
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::According to recent WHO reports, alcohol remains the number one substance used and abused by adolescents, despite public health efforts to curb its use. Adolescence is a critical period of biological maturation where brain development, particularly the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, undergoes substantial remodelin...
journal_title:Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00134
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00