Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) is a model used to calculate deaths averted or lives saved by past interventions and for the purposes of program planning when costly and time consuming impact studies are not possible. DISCUSSION:LiST models the relationship between coverage of interventions and outputs, such as stunting, diarrhea incidence and diarrhea mortality. Each intervention directly prevents a proportion of diarrhea deaths such that the effect size of the intervention is multiplied by coverage to calculate lives saved. That is, the maximum effect size could be achieved at 100% coverage, but at 50% coverage only 50% of possible deaths are prevented. Diarrhea mortality is one of the most complex causes of death to be modeled. The complexity is driven by the combination of direct prevention and treatment interventions as well as interventions that operate indirectly via the reduction in risk factors, such as stunting and wasting. Published evidence is used to quantify the effect sizes for each direct and indirect relationship. Several studies have compared measured changes in mortality to LiST estimates of mortality change looking at different sets of interventions in different countries. While comparison work has generally found good agreement between the LiST estimates and measured mortality reduction, where data availability is weak, the model is less likely to produce accurate results. LiST can be used as a component of program evaluation, but should be coupled with more complete information on inputs, processes and outputs, not just outcomes and impact. SUMMARY:LiST is an effective tool for modeling diarrhea mortality and can be a useful alternative to large and expensive mortality impact studies. Predicting the impact of interventions or comparing the impact of more than one intervention without having to wait for the results of large and expensive mortality studies is critical to keep programs focused and results oriented for continued reductions in diarrhea and all-cause mortality among children under five years of age.
journal_name
BMC Medjournal_title
BMC medicineauthors
Fischer Walker CL,Walker Ndoi
10.1186/1741-7015-12-70subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-29 00:00:00pages
70issn
1741-7015pii
1741-7015-12-70journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMC Medicine文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Strategies in many countries have sought to improve palliative care and reduce hospital deaths for non-cancer patients, but their effects are not evaluated. We aimed to determine the trends and factors associated with dying in hospital in two common progressive respiratory diseases, and the impact of a natio...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0776-2
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Migraine aura may be difficult to differentiate from transient ischemic attacks and other transient neurological disorders in pregnant women. The aims of the present study were to investigate and diagnose all pregnant women with transient neurological disorders of suspected central nervous system origin, and...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-5-19
更新日期:2007-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The possible relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and their co-morbidities has become an increasing focus of research. Both chronic periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are neutrophilic, inflammatory conditions characterized by the loss of local connective tissue. Evidence su...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-241
更新日期:2013-11-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are widespread concerns about communication and support for patients and families, especially when they face clinical uncertainty, a situation most marked in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, we aimed to develop and evaluate an interventional tool to improve communication and palliative care, usi...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-213
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fetal and neonatal mortality rates in low-income countries are at least 10-fold greater than in high-income countries. These differences have been related to poor access to and poor quality of obstetric and neonatal care. METHODS:This trial tested the hypothesis that teams of health care providers, administ...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-215
更新日期:2013-10-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to assess whether patient-reported outcomes (PROs) differ by the underlying diagnosis (rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA), avascular necrosis of bone (AVN), other) in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS:We used prospec...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-210
更新日期:2013-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is a common practice to use a singleton fetal growth standard to assess twin growth. We aim to create a twin fetal weight standard which is also adjustable for race/ethnicity and other factors. METHODS:Over half a million twin births of low risk pregnancies in the US, from 1995 to 2004, were used to cons...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0401-9
更新日期:2015-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent global progress in scaling up malaria control interventions has revived the goal of complete elimination in many countries. Decreasing transmission intensity generally leads to increasingly patchy spatial patterns of malaria transmission in elimination settings, with control programs having to accurat...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1181-9
更新日期:2018-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::The Mediterranean diet has been linked to a number of health benefits, including reduced mortality risk and lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Definitions of the Mediterranean diet vary across some settings, and scores are increasingly being employed to define Mediterranean diet adherence in epidemiological st...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-112
更新日期:2014-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to understand the differences in mortality rate, risk factors for mortality, and cause of death distribution in three neonatal age sub-groups (0-2, 3-7, and 8-27 days) and assess the change in mortality rate with previous assessments to inform programmatic decision-making in...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1372-z
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells. Its prevalence is increasing in developed countries in association with obesity, and it represents a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since N...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0137-y
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the last 100 years, several persistent misconceptions or 'false beliefs' have built up around allergen immunotherapy and its use in allergic rhinitis. This is perhaps because enthusiastic physicians administered complex allergen extracts to a diverse population of patients suffering from heterogeneous a...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-255
更新日期:2013-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A beneficial effect of a high n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake has been observed in heart failure patients, who are frequently insulin resistant. We investigated the potential influence of impaired glucose metabolism on the relation between dietary intake of n-3 LCPUFAs and risk of a...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-216
更新日期:2013-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dietary assessment is complex, and strategies to select the most appropriate dietary assessment tool (DAT) in epidemiological research are needed. The DIETary Assessment Tool NETwork (DIET@NET) aimed to establish expert consensus on Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) for dietary assessment using self-report. M...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0962-x
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The nature of symptoms in the prodromal period of first episode psychosis (FEP) remains unclear. The objective was to determine the patterns of symptoms recorded in primary care in the 5 years before FEP diagnosis. METHODS:The study was set within 568 practices contributing to a UK primary care health recor...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1462-y
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Evidence on the relation of smoking to different subtypes of CVD, across fatal and non-fatal outcomes, is limited. METHODS:A prospective study of 188,167 CVD- and cancer-free individuals aged ≥ 45 years from the Aust...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1351-4
更新日期:2019-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine is a stimulant that leads to the rapid accumulation of catecholamines and serotonin in the brain due to prevention of their re-uptake into the neuron that released the neurotransmitter. Cocaine dependence is a public health concern and cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, there a...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-119
更新日期:2011-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, data on less common causes of death has not been systematically assessed. Previous reviews missed several studies and additional studies have since been published. We therefore conducted a syst...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0730-3
更新日期:2016-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the three West Africa countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health event of international concern in August 2014. The disease, which has caused more than 10,000 deaths from over 25,000 cases, has thrived...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0359-7
更新日期:2015-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The benign character formerly attributed to Plasmodium vivax infection has been dismantled by the increasing number of reports of severe disease associated with infection with this parasite, prompting the need for more thorough and comprehensive characterization of the spectrum of resulting clinical complica...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0302-y
更新日期:2015-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is of clinical and public health importance as it is very common, affecting up to one in five women of reproductive age. It has significant and diverse clinical implications including reproductive (infertility, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism), metabolic (insulin resistance, impaired gluco...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-41
更新日期:2010-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has improved the detection of prostate cancer, allowing for stage migration to less advanced disease, the precise mortality benefit of early detection is unclear. This is in part due to a discrepancy between the two large randomized controlled trials comparing PSA scr...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0296-5
更新日期:2015-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Several factors contribute to the high mortality attributed to severe infections in resource-limited settings. While improvements in survival and processes of care have been made in high-income settings among patients with severe conditions, such as sepsis, guidelines necessary for achieving these improvements may lac...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-107
更新日期:2013-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The study investigated the extent to which approaches to work, workplace climate, stress, burnout and satisfaction with medicine as a career in doctors aged about thirty are predicted by measures of learning style and personality measured five to twelve years earlier when the doctors were applicants to medic...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-2-29
更新日期:2004-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a specialized group of E. coli that can cause severe colonic disease and renal failure. Their pathogenicity derives from virulence factors that enable the bacteria to colonize the colon and deliver extremely powerful toxins known as verotoxins (VT) or Shiga toxins (Stx) to the...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-12
更新日期:2012-02-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bangladesh, India and Nepal are working towards the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by 2015. In 2005 the World Health Organization/Training in Tropical Diseases launched an implementation research programme to support integrated vector management for the elimination of VL from Bangladesh, India an...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-54
更新日期:2009-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gluten-free diet (GFD) decreases the quality of life of celiac disease (CD) patients, who frequently ask to occasionally ingest gluten-containing food. We evaluated CD patients reporting voluntary and occasional transgressions to their GFD. METHODS:From October 2017 to September 2018, the patients reporting...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-020-1511-6
更新日期:2020-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intimate partner violence is common among women having abortions, with between 6% and 22% reporting recent violence from an intimate partner. Concern about violence is a reason some pregnant women decide to terminate their pregnancies. Whether risk of violence decreases after having an abortion, remains unkn...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0144-z
更新日期:2014-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been concern that the incidence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) is increasing. Previous studies have been smaller, restricted to autism (excluding other pervasive developmental disorders such as Asperger's syndrome), included boys only, or have not been based on a natio...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-2-39
更新日期:2004-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated interactions between genetically and autoimmune-mediated coagulopathies by inducing experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (eAPS) in mice carrying the factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation. METHODS:eAPS was induced in heterozygous and homozygous FVL transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background) by immunizat...
journal_title:BMC medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-92
更新日期:2013-04-04 00:00:00