Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The frequency of accidental spider bites in Brazil is growing, and poisoning due to bites from the spider genus Phoneutria nigriventer is the second most frequent source of such accidents. Intense local pain is the major symptom reported after bites of P. nigriventer, although the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved in nociception triggered by the venom of Phoneutria nigriventer (PNV). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Twenty microliters of PNV or PBS was injected into the mouse paw (intraplantar, i.pl.). The time spent licking the injected paw was considered indicative of the level of nociception. I.pl. injection of PNV produced spontaneous nociception, which was reduced by arachnid antivenin (ArAv), local anaesthetics, opioids, acetaminophen and dipyrone, but not indomethacin. Boiling or dialysing the venom reduced the nociception induced by the venom. PNV-induced nociception is not dependent on glutamate or histamine receptors or on mast cell degranulation, but it is mediated by the stimulation of sensory fibres that contain serotonin 4 (5-HT4) and vanilloid receptors (TRPV1). We detected a kallikrein-like kinin-generating enzyme activity in tissue treated with PNV, which also contributes to nociception. Inhibition of enzymatic activity or administration of a receptor antagonist for kinin B2 was able to inhibit the nociception induced by PNV. PNV nociception was also reduced by the blockade of tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channels, acid-sensitive ion channels (ASIC) and TRPV1 receptors. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:Results suggest that both low- and high-molecular-weight toxins of PNV produce spontaneous nociception through direct or indirect action of kinin B2, TRPV1, 5-HT4 or ASIC receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels present in sensory neurons but not in mast cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in nociception caused by PNV are of interest not only for better treating poisoning by P. nigriventer but also appreciating the diversity of targets triggered by PNV toxins.
journal_name
PLoS Negl Trop Disjournal_title
PLoS neglected tropical diseasesauthors
Gewehr C,Oliveira SM,Rossato MF,Trevisan G,Dalmolin GD,Rigo FK,de Castro Júnior CJ,Cordeiro MN,Ferreira J,Gomez MVdoi
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002198subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-04-25 00:00:00pages
e2198issue
4eissn
1935-2727issn
1935-2735pii
PNTD-D-12-01033journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:South Sudan is one of the most endemic countries for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and is frequently affected by large epidemics. In resource-limited settings, clinicians require a simple clinical tool to identify VL patients who are at increased risk of dying, and who need specialised treatment with liposoma...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005921
更新日期:2017-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::The mosquito Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue virus, has recently been infected experimentally with Wolbachia: intracellular bacteria that possess potential as dengue biological control agents. Wolbachia depend on their hosts for nutrients they are unable to synthesize themselves. Consequently, competitio...
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection leads to malnutrition and anemia, and has been linked to impaired child development. Previous research on this topic is limited and mostly conducted in school-age children. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of the number of detected STH infections be...
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Transmission of dengue virus (DENV) from humans to mosquitoes represents a critical component of dengue epidemiology. Examinations of this process have generally been hampered by a lack of methods that adequately represent natural acquisition of DENV by mosquitoes from humans. In this study, we assessed arti...
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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abstract::Due to the large geographical overlap of populations exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), understanding the disease pathogenesis of co-infection is urgently needed. This warrants the development of an animal model for HIV-ZIKV co-infection. In this study, we used adult non-pregnant maca...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
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