New endoperoxides highly active in vivo and in vitro against artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy in Southeast Asia prompted the need to develop new endoperoxide-type drugs. METHODS:A chemically diverse library of endoperoxides was designed and synthesized. The compounds were screened for in vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity using, respectively, the SYBR Green I assay and a mouse model. Ring survival and mature stage survival assays were performed against artemisinin-resistant and artemisinin-sensitive P. falciparum strains. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against mammalian cell lines V79 and HepG2, using the MTT assay. RESULTS:The synthesis and anti-malarial activity of 21 new endoperoxide-derived compounds is reported, where the peroxide pharmacophore is part of a trioxolane (ozonide) or a tetraoxane moiety, flanked by adamantane and a substituted cyclohexyl ring. Eight compounds exhibited sub-micromolar anti-malarial activity (IC50 0.3-71.1 nM), no cross-resistance with artemisinin or quinolone derivatives and negligible cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. From these, six produced ring stage survival < 1% against the resistant strain IPC5202 and three of them totally suppressed Plasmodium berghei parasitaemia in mice after oral administration. CONCLUSION:The investigated, trioxolane-tetrazole conjugates LC131 and LC136 emerged as potential anti-malarial candidates; they show negligible toxicity towards mammalian cells, ability to kill intra-erythrocytic asexual stages of artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum and capacity to totally suppress P. berghei parasitaemia in mice.

journal_name

Malar J

journal_title

Malaria journal

authors

Lobo L,Cabral LIL,Sena MI,Guerreiro B,Rodrigues AS,de Andrade-Neto VF,Cristiano MLS,Nogueira F

doi

10.1186/s12936-018-2281-x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-04-03 00:00:00

pages

145

issue

1

issn

1475-2875

pii

10.1186/s12936-018-2281-x

journal_volume

17

pub_type

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