Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:The World Health Organization recommends that countries conduct two phase evaluations of HIV rapid tests (RTs) in order to come up with the best algorithms. In this report, we present the first ever such evaluation in Uganda, involving both blood and oral based RTs. The role of weak positive (WP) bands on the accuracy of the individual RT and on the algorithms was also investigated. METHODS:In total 11 blood based and 3 oral transudate kits were evaluated. All together 2746 participants from seven sites, covering the four different regions of Uganda participated. Two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) run in parallel were used as the gold standard. The performance and cost of the different algorithms was calculated, with a pre-determined price cut-off of either cheaper or within 20% price of the current algorithm of Determine + Statpak + Unigold. In the second phase, the three best algorithms selected in phase I were used at the point of care for purposes of quality control using finger stick whole blood. RESULTS:We identified three algorithms; Determine + SD Bioline + Statpak; Determine + Statpak + SD Bioline, both with the same sensitivity and specificity of 99.2% and 99.1% respectively and Determine + Statpak + Insti, with sensitivity and specificity of 99.1% and 99% respectively as having performed better and met the cost requirements. There were 15 other algorithms that performed better than the current one but rated more than the 20% price. None of the 3 oral mucosal transudate kits were suitable for inclusion in an algorithm because of their low sensitivities. Band intensity affected the performance of individual RTs but not the final algorithms. CONCLUSION:We have come up with three algorithms we recommend for public or Government procurement based on accuracy and cost. In case one algorithm is preferred, we recommend to replace Unigold, the current tie breaker with SD Bioline. We further recommend that all the 18 algorithms that have shown better performance than the current one are made available to the private sector where cost may not be a limiting factor.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Kaleebu P,Kitandwe PK,Lutalo T,Kigozi A,Watera C,Nanteza MB,Hughes P,Musinguzi J,Opio A,Downing R,Mbidde EKdoi
10.1186/s12879-018-3001-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-27 00:00:00pages
93issue
1issn
1471-2334pii
10.1186/s12879-018-3001-4journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy improves outcomes in patients with bacteremia due to Escherichia coli or Klebsiella. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy on in-hospital mortality and post-infection length of stay in p...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-116
更新日期:2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Procalcitonin (PCT)-protocols to guide antibiotic treatment in severe infections are known to be effective. But less is known about the long-term effects of such protocols on antibiotic consumption under real life conditions. This retrospective study analyses the effects on antibiotic use in patients with se...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-158
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) can be challenging to diagnose, often requiring bronchoscopy. Since most patients suspected of PJP undergo imaging, we hypothesized that the findings of these studies could help estimate the probability of disease prior to invasive testing. METHODS:We created a cohort ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The emerging resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae together with increasing incidence of gonorrhoea cases in many countries have been global public health concerns. However, in recent years the levels of ESC resistance have decreased in several regions worldwide. ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1013-x
更新日期:2015-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers (HIV-exposed uninfected, HEU) have been described to have immune alterations as compared to unexposed infants. This study sought to characterize T-cell populations after birth in HEU infants and unexposed infants living in a semirural area in southern Mozam...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The potential impact of an influenza pandemic can be assessed by calculating a set of transmissibility parameters, the most important being the reproduction number (R), which is defined as the average number of secondary cases generated per typical infectious case. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review t...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Fusobacterium species (spp.) bacteremia is uncommon and has been associated with a variety of clinical presentations. We conducted a retrospective, population based study to determine the relative proportion of species in this genus causing bacteremia and the risk factors for infection and adverse clinical o...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-06-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emergence of rmtB-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) poses a great threat to antimicrobial treatment options. METHODS:From January 2010 to December 2010, non-duplicate KPC-KP isolates from our hospital were screened for rmtB and multiple other resistance dete...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-373
更新日期:2012-12-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Belgian HIV epidemic is largely concentrated among men who have sex with men and Sub-Saharan Africans. We studied the continuum of HIV care of those diagnosed with HIV living in Belgium and its associated factors. METHODS:Data on new HIV diagnoses 2007-2010 and HIV-infected patients in care in 2010-2011...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1230-3
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Mutations in the basic core promoter (BCP) and its adjacent precore (preC) region in HBV genome are common in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, the patterns of mutation combinations in these two regions during chronic infection are less understood. This study focused on single base mutations in BCP and ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-09-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To predict the risk of infectious diseases originating in wildlife, it is important to identify habitats that allow the co-occurrence of pathogens and their hosts. Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is a directly-transmitted RNA virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans, and is carried and transmitted by the bank...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2618-z
更新日期:2017-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Typhoid fever mainly occurs in (sub) tropical regions where sanitary conditions remain poor. In other regions it occurs mainly among returning travelers or their direct contacts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current Dutch guidelines for typhoid vaccination. METHOD:Crude annual attack rates (AR)...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by brucella. It has been an increasing trend in recent years (Wang H, Xu WM, Zhu KJ, Zhu SJ, Zhang HF, Wang J, Yang Y, Shao FY, Jiang NM, Tao ZY, Jin HY, Tang Y, Huo LL, Dong F, Li ZJ, Ding H, Liu ZG, Emerg Microbes Infect 9:889-99, 2020). Brucellosis is capable to in...
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更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Penicillium marneffei disseminates hematogenously and can infect most organs, though infection leading to osteolysis is extremely rare. We describe the clinical and laboratory features, management, and outcomes of patients with penicilliosis marneffei (PSM) with osteolytic lesions. METHODS:This retrospectiv...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0782-6
更新日期:2015-02-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In accordance with international guidance for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, the Tanzanian Ministry of Health recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for children aged 12 months and older who are living with HIV. Concerns about tolerability, adherence, and potential mistreatment of undiagnosed TB with m...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A rare phenotype of clinical non-progressors to AIDS is not well understood and the new protocol for universal treatment, may block the understanding of viral control thus it is crucial to define this controversial group. METHODS:A cohort of 30 persons followed a criteria for viremia control groups 1 (VC1; ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2491-9
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rosacea is an inflammatory disease affecting the central part of face characterized by persistent or recurrent episodes of erythema, papules, pustules and telangiectasias of unknown etiology. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacillus, which is one of the main causes of chronic gastritis, ga...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:BACKGROUND:There is little information on nasopharyngeal (NP) flora or bacteremia in HIV-infected children. Our aim was to describe the organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children enrolled in a prospective study comparing daily and three times weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and isoniazid...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Influenza vaccination is recognized as a primary public health intervention which prevents the illness of patients and relieves the societal burdens of influenza for medical community as well as the economy. To date, no effectiveness study of influenza vaccination has been conducted including a large populat...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2013-06-19 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ocular manifestations of HIV may lead to visual impairment or blindness. In India, patients typically initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART) with low CD4 cell counts when the risk of ocular complications may be high. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of HIV-associated...
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更新日期:2009-09-23 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-03-26 00:00:00
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更新日期:2017-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) is licensed using a 0-, 6- and 12-month schedule in dengue-endemic areas. An effective shorter schedule may provide more rapid, optimal protection of targeted populations during vaccine campaigns in dengue-endemic countries. We compared immune response...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2018-09-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Growing evidence suggests respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease in adults. However, the adult burden remains largely uncharacterized as most RSV studies focus on children, and population-based studies with laboratory-confirmation of infection are difficult to implemen...
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-10-23 00:00:00