Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of early death in the UK and worldwide. Public health guidance recommends the use of varenicline, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as smoking cessation aids in the UK. Additionally, the first electronic cigarette has been licensed for use as a smoking cessation medicine. However, there are ongoing concerns about the safety of these medicines. We present a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine how these smoking cessation medicines compare to each other with respect to their neuropsychiatric safety in adult smokers. Secondary aims include updating the evidence regarding the effectiveness and cardiovascular safety of these medicines for use in a cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:We will include randomised controlled trials and observational studies with control groups comparing monotherapy with varenicline, bupropion, NRT or electronic cigarette and combination therapies to each other, placebo or usual care. The primary composite safety outcome will be serious adverse events, defined as events that resulted in death, were life threatening, required hospitalisation or resulted in significant disability or congenital/birth defect. The preferred effectiveness outcome will be sustained smoking cessation defined as abstinence for a minimum of 6 months as determined by biochemical validation. We will include trials identified by previous reviews and search relevant databases for newly published trials as well as contacting study authors to identify unpublished information. We will conduct fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analyses for each pairwise comparison of treatments and outcome; where these estimates differ, we will consider reasons for heterogeneity, quantified using the between-study variance (τ2). For each outcome, we will construct a NMA in a Bayesian framework which will be compared with the pair-wise results, allowing us to rank treatments. The effectiveness estimates from the NMA will be entered into a probabilistic economic model. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Ethics approval is not required for this evidence synthesis study as it involves analysis of secondary data from randomised controlled trials and observational studies. The review will make an important contribution to the knowledge base around the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation medicines. Results will be disseminated to the general public, healthcare practitioners and clinicians, academics, industry and policy makers. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:CRD42016041302.
journal_name
BMJ Openjournal_title
BMJ openauthors
Thomas KH,Caldwell D,Dalili MN,Gunnell D,Munafò MR,Stevenson M,Welton NJdoi
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015414subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-17 00:00:00pages
e015414issue
6issn
2044-6055pii
bmjopen-2016-015414journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMJ Open文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) and assess their severity and preventability in four Saudi hospitals. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:The study included patients admitted to medical, surgical and intensive care units (ICUs) of four hospitals in Saudi Arabia. These hospital...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010831
更新日期:2016-07-12 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Trauma to the nail bed is the most common surgically treated paediatric hand injury. The majority of surgeons replace the nail plate after repairing the nail bed despite a lack of evidence to do so. Replacing the nail plate may be associated with increased postoperative infection. We will investigate the i...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031552
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To summarise and synthesise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). DESIGN:Overview of systematic reviews. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, Embase, ISI We...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021108
更新日期:2018-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:An increasing number of patients survive sepsis; however, we lack valid data on the long-term impact on morbidity from prospective observational studies. Therefore, we designed an observational cohort to quantify mid-term and long-term functional disabilities after intensive care unit (ICU)-treated sepsis....
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016827
更新日期:2017-08-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The amount of scientific literature available is often overwhelming, making it difficult for researchers to have a good overview of the literature and to see relations between different developments. Visualisation techniques based on bibliometric data are helpful in obtaining an overview of the literature on...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004468
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess how the quality of metronome-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was affected by the chest compression rate familiarised by training before the performance and to determine a possible mechanism for any effect shown. DESIGN:Prospective crossover trial of a simulated, one-person, chest-compre...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010873
更新日期:2016-02-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) accounts for 10%-15% of dementia cases at autopsy and has distinct clinical features associated with earlier institutionalisation and a higher level of carer distress than are seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is on-going debate as to whether DLB is associate...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000380
更新日期:2012-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Trabeculotomy and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT) are major surgical options for primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). However, it is unclear which of these two surgical procedures should be recommended as the optimum first-line treatment for PCG. This trial aims to determine whether the outcomes ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032957
更新日期:2020-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess medical care and costs of the 3 highest prevalence lumbar disorders-non-specific low back pain (nLBP), intervertebral disc disorder (IDD) and spinal stenosis (SS)-from national billing data to provide basic information for standards of appropriate management. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of Natio...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012432
更新日期:2016-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) may be associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the difference in the prevalence of OSO and hypertension among four minority populations in China and explore the relationship between OSO and hypertension by sex. DESIGN:This st...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026818
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite widespread interest in the topic, no current synthesis of research is available analysing the linkages between organisational or workplace cultures on the one hand, and patient outcomes on the other. This protocol proposes a systematic review to analyse and synthesise the literature to date on this...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013758
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A large proportion of malaria-infected individuals in endemic areas do not experience symptoms that prompt treatment-seeking. These asymptomatically infected individuals may retain their infections for many months during which sexual-stage parasites (gametocytes) are produced that may be transmissible to m...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030598
更新日期:2019-09-13 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Young people with drug and alcohol problems are likely to have poorer health and other psychosocial outcomes than other young people. Residential treatment programmes have been shown to lead to improved health and related outcomes for young people in the short term. There is very little robust research sho...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010824
更新日期:2016-05-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The rate of total knee arthroplasty surgery (TKA) is rising in Australia despite varying impacts of TKA on physical function (PF) in population-based studies. There are potentially modifiable risk factors that could enhance PF after TKA, so we evaluated (1) the levels of PF in persons with TKA and the rest o...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002291
更新日期:2013-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Women who have pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are at greatly increased risks for breast and ovarian cancers. Although risk-reduction strategies can be undertaken by these women, knowledge regarding the uptake of these strategies is limited. Additionally, the healthcare behaviours of wome...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025317
更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The absence of companionship during childbirth is known to be responsible for negative emotional birth experience, which can increase the risk of postpartum depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The context of COVID-19 epidemic and the related confinement could increase the rate of negative experi...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043057
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Postnatal mental health problems, which are an international public health priority, are a suitable target for preventive approaches. The financial burden of these disorders is borne across sectors in society, including health, early childhood, education, justice and the workforce. This paper describes the...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006226
更新日期:2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The increased use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as intrauterine devices and hormonal implants, has the potential to reduce unintended pregnancy and abortion rates. However, use of LARCs in Australia is very low, despite clinical practice guidance and statements by national and inte...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012491
更新日期:2016-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is a major cause of long-term disability and chronic pain in the adult population. One in five patients does not receive satisfactory pain relief, which reflects the complexity of chronic pain and the current lack of understanding of mechanisms of chronic pain. Recently, duloxetine...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014013
更新日期:2017-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to assess the risk of injuries among children exposed to a stressful life exposure (defined as bereavement) before conception or during fetal life. DESIGN:Population-based cohort study. SETTING:Denmark. PARTICIPANTS:All singleton births in Denmark between 1 January 1995 and 31 De...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002357
更新日期:2013-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:How advance care planning (ACP) is conceptualised in Australia including when, where and how ACP is best initiated, is unclear. It has been suggested that healthcare delivered in general practice provides an optimal setting for initiation of ACP discussions but uptake remains low. This systematic review and ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030275
更新日期:2019-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The establishment of the Family Physician (FP) programme in the rural areas of Iran in 2005 has made health services accessible and affordable. This paper aims to assess the overall trends of maternal and child health (MCH) indicators in a 20-year period and possible effects of the FP programme (intervention...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021761
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Minority populations in the USA are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular conditions. Reduced responsiveness to clopidogrel among carriers of CYP2C19 variants has been reported in patients with either coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after the percutaneous coronary int...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038936
更新日期:2020-08-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The local care and treatment of liver disease (LOCATE) intervention embedded specialist liver nurses in general practitioner (GP) practices to improve the identification of progressive liver disease, enabling earlier intervention. This current process evaluation examines GP practice staffs' perceptions of th...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028591
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The burden of frailty on older people is easily recognisable by increasing mortality and morbidity, longer hospital stays and adverse discharge locations. In the UK, frailty screening has recently become part of the best practice commissioning tariff within National Health Service England, yet there is no ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038082
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Depression is associated with negative patient outcomes for chronic diseases and likely affects consistent physical non-communicable diseases (NCDs) care management in relation to clinic attendance and medication adherence. We found no published studies on the integration of depression management in physic...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021601
更新日期:2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Emergency department (ED) visits for epilepsy are common, costly, often clinically unnecessary and typically lead to little benefit for epilepsy management. An 'Alternative Care Pathway' (ACP) for epilepsy, which diverts people with epilepsy (PWE) away from ED when '999' is called and leads to care elsewhe...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031696
更新日期:2019-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the epidemiology of pertussis-related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions across Australia, over a 17-year period. DESIGN:Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING:Australian ICUs contributing data to the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care (ANZPIC) Registry. The number of contrib...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010386
更新日期:2016-04-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the prevalence of poor vision in children aged 4-5 years and determine the impact of visual acuity on literacy. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study linking clinical, epidemiological and education data. SETTING:Schools located in the city of Bradford, UK. PARTICIPANTS:Prevalence was determined for 11,...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010434
更新日期:2016-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the relationship between poststroke fatigue and depression and subsequent mortality in young ischaemic stroke patients in a population-based study. DESIGN:A prospective cohort study. SETTING:All surviving young ischaemic stroke patients living in Hordaland County. PARTICIPANTS:Young ischaem...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002404
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00