Abstract：
BACKGROUND:As defined by evidence-based medicine randomized controlled trials rank higher than observational studies in the hierarchy of clinical research. Accordingly, when assessing the effects of treatments on patient outcomes, there is a tendency to focus on the study method rather than also appraising the key elements of study design. A long-standing debate regarding findings of randomized controlled trials compared with those of observational studies, their strengths and limitations and questions regarding causal inference, has recently come into focus in relation to research assessing patient outcomes in transfusion medicine. DISCUSSION:Observational studies are seen to have limitations that are largely avoided with randomized controlled trials, leading to the view that observational studies should not generally be used to inform practice. For example, observational studies examining patient outcomes associated with blood transfusion often present higher estimates of adverse outcomes than randomized controlled trials. Some have explained this difference as being a result of observational studies not properly adjusting for differences between patients transfused and those not transfused. However, one factor often overlooked, likely contributing to these variances between study methods is different exposure criteria. Another common to both study methods is exposure dose, specifically, measuring units transfused during only a part of the patient's hospital stay. When comparing the results of observational studies with randomized controlled trials assessing transfusion outcomes it is important that one consider not only the study method, but also the key elements of study design. Any study, regardless of its method, should focus on accurate measurement of the exposure and outcome variables of interest. Failure to do so may subject the study, regardless of its type, to bias and the need to interpret the results with caution.
journal_name
BMC Anesthesioljournal_title
BMC anesthesiologyauthors
Trentino K,Farmer S,Gross I,Shander A,Isbister Jdoi
10.1186/s12871-016-0264-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-14 00:00:00pages
96issue
1issn
1471-2253pii
10.1186/s12871-016-0264-4journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Perioperative hemodynamic fluctuations are seen more often in hypertensive patients than in normotensive patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate the perioperative hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam used for premedication in hypertensive patients relative to each other and in c...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-14-113
更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of local infiltration after breast surgery is controversial. This prospective double blind randomized study sought to document the analgesic effect of local anaesthetic infiltration after breast cancer surgery. METHODS:Patients scheduled for mastectomy or tumorectomy and axillary nodes dissection...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-11-23
更新日期：2011-11-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-11-10
更新日期：2011-05-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-11-2
更新日期：2011-02-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-015-0114-9
更新日期：2015-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of adding clonidine to local anesthetics for nerve or plexus blocks remains unclear. Most of the studies in adults have demonstrated the positive effects of clonidine on intra- and postoperative analgesia when used as an adjunctive agent or in some cases as a single to regional techniques. In the ...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-12-2
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-019-0731-9
更新日期：2019-04-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-017-0448-6
更新日期：2017-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is an effective analgesia that lowers opioid consumption after lower abdominal and hip surgeries. The subcostal approach to transmuscular QLB is a novel technique that can provide postoperative analgesia by blocking more dermatomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effi...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-019-0825-4
更新日期：2019-08-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-015-0124-7
更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperthermia is relatively rare during general anesthesia; however, a few studies have been conducted on hyperthermia and the neuromuscular blockade (NMB) induced by rocuronium, and the reversal of NMB by sugammadex. We investigated the effect of hyperthermia status on the NMB induced by rocuronium, and its ...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-020-01114-7
更新日期：2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND:Hyperventilation may be used to hasten recovery from general anesthesia with potent inhaled anesthetics. However, its effect may be less pronounced with the newer, less soluble agents, and it may result in rehypnotization if subsequent hypoventilation occurs because more residual anesthetic will...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-12-22
更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Current pain assessment and treatment does not address every patient's requirements. Although the Polish national guidelines for post-operative pain management have been published, many patients experience severe pain in the postoperative period. The main goal of our study was to assess pain severity among p...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12871-018-0551-3
更新日期：2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Abnormal laryngeal structures are likely to be associated with a difficult laryngoscopy procedure. Currently, laryngeal structures can be measured by ultrasonography, however, little research has been performed on the potential role of ultrasound on the evaluation of a difficult laryngoscopy. The present stu...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-020-01053-3
更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Compared to conventional tidal volume ventilation, low tidal-volume ventilation reduces mortality in cased of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of the present study is to determine whether low tidal-volume ventilation reduces the production of inflammatory mediators in the lungs and improves physi...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-016-0209-y
更新日期：2016-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Persistently variable success has been experienced in locally translating even well-grounded national clinical practice guidelines, including in the perioperative setting. We have sought greater applicability and acceptance of clinical practice guidelines and protocols with our novel Perioperative Risk Optim...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-016-0187-0
更新日期：2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The sensory innervation of the shoulder is complex and there are variations in the branching patterns of the sensory fibres. Articular branches from the axillary nerve to the subacromial bursa are described in more than 50% of investigated shoulders but the isolated contribution of sensory input from the axi...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-020-0952-y
更新日期：2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are growing concerns that anaesthetic exposure can cause extensive apoptotic degeneration of neurons and the impairment of normal synaptic development and remodelling. However, little attention has been paid to exploring the possible cytotoxicity of inhalation anaesthetics, such as isoflurane, in astro...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-017-0420-5
更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-019-0842-3
更新日期：2019-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) derived parameters are used to direct fluid management in ICU-patients. Extravascular lung water EVLW and its ratio to pulmonary blood volume (pulmonary vascular permeability index PVPI) have been associated with mortality. In single indicator TPTD pulmonary blood volume ...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-14-81
更新日期：2014-09-24 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-018-0634-1
更新日期：2018-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-019-0887-3
更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-015-0013-0
更新日期：2015-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the analgesic effects of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCA) with hydromorphone and sufentanil after thoracic surgery on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). METHODS:A total of 142 patients who were scheduled for thoracic surgery were randomly allocated to receive PCA with hydr...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-018-0657-7
更新日期：2018-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ultrasound gels may contain propylene glycol and glycerol, which are neurotoxic in high concentrations. If the needle passes through gel during regional anesthesia, gel may be injected near the nerve. It is unknown if this practice poses a risk for neurotoxicity. Using an animal model, we assessed the histol...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-13-18
更新日期：2013-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The significance of intraoperative anesthesia handoffs on patient outcomes are unclear. One aspect differentiating the disparate results is the treatment of confounding factors, such as patient comorbidities and surgery time of day. We performed this study to quantify the significance of confounding variable...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-019-0858-8
更新日期：2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Delayed gastric emptying and the resultant "full stomach" is the most important risk factor for perioperative pulmonary aspiration. Using point-of-care gastric sonography, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of full stomach and its risk factors in elective surgical patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12871-019-0848-x
更新日期：2019-10-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-016-0268-0
更新日期：2016-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) is used for patients with intractable or extensive in-transit metastatic melanoma of the limb to deliver high concentrations of cytotoxic agents to the affected limb and offers a treatment option in a disease stage with a poor prognosis when no treatment is given. ...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2253-13-15
更新日期：2013-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Maintaining the cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) within 20-30 cmH2O is a standard practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of standard practice in maintaining cuff pressure within the target range. METHODS:This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-c...
journal_title：BMC anesthesiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12871-015-0132-7
更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00
