Abstract：
:Very few studies have been carried out looking at how the effects of drugs and their toxicity in humans change during their lifespan (developing and ageing). The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the changes in probe-drug metabolism, classified by cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) at five stages in life: neonates < 4 weeks, infants < 12 months, children < 19 years, young/mature adults 20-64 years, and elderly adults > 65 years. The main probe drugs include caffeine and theophylline, whose metabolism is catalysed by CYP1A2, tolbutamide, phenytoin and ibuprofen, catalysed by CYP2C9, amitriptyline and nortriptyline, catalysed by CYP2C19, acetaminophen, catalysed by CYP2E1 and lidocaine, midazolam and terfenadine, catalysed by 3A3/4. From the published in vivo studies two different patterns of drug metabolism can be identified: (i) activity is low immediately after birth, increases, then peaks at the young/mature adult level and, finally, decreases in old age (drugs catalysed by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A3/4) and (ii) activity increases rapidly after birth to reach a level equivalent to that in the young/mature adult, then gradually decreases and finally decreasing faster in old age (drugs catalysed by CYP2E1). Further study of the changes in P450 with age is warranted to help prevent adverse reactions and to guide us in tailoring therapy better for the individual patient.
journal_name
J Clin Pharm Therjournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeuticsauthors
Tanaka Edoi
10.1046/j.1365-2710.1998.00164.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-01 00:00:00pages
247-55issue
4eissn
0269-4727issn
1365-2710journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Serum sialic acid is a recently investigated potential risk-marker for cardiovascular complications. There is a known association between sialic acid and cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate the effect of antidiabetic drugs on the serum concentration of ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01145.x
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Pain management for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is challenging. When added to local anaesthetics, dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of the block and improves analgesia. The effect of long-term dexmedetomidine use in the brachial plexus block (BPB) for CRPS is unknown. CASE DES...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/jcpt.13063
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the reconstitution methods for the commercial amphotericin B preparation with respect to particulate contamination. METHODS:The particle counts in amphotericin B solutions reconstituted according to three different methods and amphotericin B fluids made with intravenous fluids af...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00328.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Enteric-coated, delayed-release divalproex sodium requires multiple daily administrations and high adherence rate to prevent breakthrough seizures and control adverse effects. We evaluated the effect of missing one or two doses of divalproex for up to 24 h, followed by replacement and resumptio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00739.x
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stability and compatibility of anakinra (recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) with ceftriaxone sodium in 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose injection was determined during a 4-h period at ambient room temperature and light. Anakinra was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose to the concent...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.1997.95275952.x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:This study developed a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of levetiracetam (LEV) for treating neonatal seizures (NS) and determined the influence of clinically relevant covariates to explain the interindividual variability and residual error. METHODS:Twenty newborns admitted to the Neona...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12658
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The calcium channel blocker diltiazem has been used widely as a cyclosporine (CsA)/tacrolimus-sparing agent. However, considerable interpatient variability in diltiazem's CsA/tacrolimus-sparing effect has been observed in many clinical studies. This study was carried out to investigate the i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12394
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated chemical and pharmaceutical equivalence of 11 brands of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine combination tablets sold on the Tanzanian market. Physical and chemical tests were performed for all the 11 brands. These tests included hardness test, friability, disintegration, dissolution, weight uniformity a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00687.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:There is much controversy over how angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) affect blood uric acid levels. Though ARB is not used to lorcwer the uric acid concentration in the blood, losartan, one of the ARB series, is known to reduce the uric...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.13202
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Ticagrelor is a reversibly binding and selective P2Y12 -receptor antagonist approved for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes. As bleeding events remain a hazard with antiplatelet therapy, this study investigated the effect of the vasopressin ag...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12130
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:New first-in-class (FIC) drugs with novel mechanisms of action may be highly effective, but lack adequate safety information, and therefore may be associated with crucial post-marketing safety issues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-marketing risk of FIC drug with compar...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.13096
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The most appropriate sedative agent for conscious sedation in minor hysteroscopic surgeries is still unclear. Dexmedetomidine a sedative and analgesic agent, may be appropriate for outpatient procedures. The aim of our study was to compare the sedative, analgesic and hemodynamic effects of d...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12793
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of temperature on binding characteristics of phenytoin to serum proteins in paediatric patients with epilepsy. METHOD:Serum samples examined in the study were obtained from 41 paediatric patients (23 male, 18 female) with epilepsy on phenytoin monotherapy. Their age ranged from 1 to...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00340.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether any demographic or socioeconomic factors affect the use of smoking cessation medications in patients hospitalized with heart disease. METHOD:Data were obtained from the Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS) Canada database, which includes a registry of all hospitalized...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2004.00622.x
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Baking soda is a common household product promoted by the manufacturer as an antacid. It contains sodium bicarbonate and has the potential for significant toxicity when ingested in excessive amounts. Characterizing the patterns and outcomes from the misuse of baking soda as a home remedy can...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12113
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in Japanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate the relationship between erlotinib exposure and the occurrence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)-like events. METHODS:Population pharmaco...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12232
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To report three cases of alopecia induced by the anticoagulant enoxaparin in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) patients. CASE SUMMARY:Three female patients were treated initially with direct intrasinus urokinase, and then followed by low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin at 1 mg/kg given subcutaneous...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00769.x
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isolated human mononuclear cells exposed to either lipopolysaccharide or Staphylococcus aureus secreted interleukin-1 like material. The secretion was concentration dependent. The minimal detectable level in the test solution of lipopolysaccharide and Staphylococcus aureus was 200 pg/ml and 10(5) cells/ml respectively...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1990.tb00407.x
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of levodopa on swallowing dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patients. METHODS:A systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis were performed. All studies referring to levodopa and swallowing dysfunction that provided direct data or data that could be transformed into mean +...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01031.x
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Hyperthermia is an effective treatment modality that augments the anticancer effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Hyperthermia-chemo-radiotherapy (HCRT) is a combination therapy that can strengthen anticancer effects through a synergistic interaction between heat, chemotherapy and radia...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12498
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:SB5 is a biosimilar to the reference adalimumab (ADL) currently in development. The primary study objective was to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence of SB5 to European Union-sourced adalimumab (EU-ADL), and United States-sourced adalimumab (US-ADL) in healthy subjects. Safety, tol...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12583
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enalapril was shown to have no effect on the serum potassium of patients (n = 16) already taking Frusemide and Amiloride. Furthermore, there was no difference in serum potassium levels of the group taking a combination of Enalapril, Frusemide and Amiloride when compared to a similar group of patients taking Frusemide ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1987.tb00543.x
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:There is a growing interest in investigating the role of glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Indeed, the hyperdopaminergic theory of schizophrenia can explain only the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas the glutamate hypothesis may provide a more comprehensive view of the ill...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.1999.00238.x
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of home-based cancer patients with continuous infusion chemotherapy requires that complete courses of medication in pre-filled syringes are provided on an out-patient basis. The infusion must remain stable prior to use during refrigerated storage (up to 14 days) and during infusion from holster-worn ambu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1988.tb00185.x
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Despite the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), little is known about the appropriateness of treatment according to the indications reported by patients and their involvement in the process of treatment discontinuation. In patients who are unlikely to benefit, the medication sho...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12371
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caffeine elimination was studied in 73 patients admitted to an intensive care unit, 33 of whom had liver disease. Mean plasma clearance of caffeine in patients with no liver disease (1.30 +/- 0.79 ml/kg/min) was significantly higher than in patients with liver disease (0.39 +/- 0.23 ml/kg/min). Mean half-life of caffe...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00621.x
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the usefulness of intervention in drug interactions of antiretroviral drugs with coadministered agents by a clinical pharmacist in outpatient HIV-treatment. METHODS:The study design included two intervention arms (A and B), which were both preceded by a control observation period. In arm A, a com...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2003.00541.x
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The potential beneficial therapeutic effects of cannabinoid CB₁ receptor antagonists or partial agonists have driven drug discovery and development efforts and have led to clinical candidates. It is generally assumed that these compounds are CB₁ 'selective' and produce their effects exclusiv...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01284.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death. Correct implementation of evidence-based guidelines should improve outcome. We conducted this study to determine to what extent management of ACS in a tertiary care medical ward in Sri Lanka adhered to current guidelines. STUDY METHOD...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01115.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The blood concentration of tacrolimus can be affected by co-administrated drugs. The objective is to draw more attention to herb-drug interactions in China, where herbal medicines are commonly used. CASE DESCRIPTION:The blood concentration of tacrolimus in a girl with refractory nephrotic s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/jcpt.13256
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
