Abstract：
:ADHD is a highly prevalent condition with the core symptoms of functionally impairing limitations in sustained attention and impulsivity/overactivity. Other frequent symptoms include overemotionality or overreactivity, academic underachievement, low self-esteem, and interpersonal difficulties. The assessment for and diagnosis of ADHD are complicated by the lack of a specific test or marker for the disorder, the occurrence of symptoms along a continuum in the population, and its frequent association with other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Due to the often pervasive effects of these symptoms and their chronicity, treatment generally must be multifaceted and prolonged. Neuropsychological studies suggest that individuals with ADHD may have their most salient difficulties in the areas of organizing, preparing, and inhibiting responses. Neurobiologic studies suggest that the circuitry involving frontal cortical-basal ganglia connections may be structurally or functionally different in individuals with ADHD, although the specificity of these findings has not been researched thoroughly. ADHD symptoms are highly, although not entirely, heritable. Many questions remain as to the specifics of etiology and best treatment practices.
journal_name
Pediatr Clin North Amjournal_title
Pediatric clinics of North Americaauthors
Mercugliano Mdoi
10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70157-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
831-43issue
5eissn
0031-3955issn
1557-8240pii
S0031-3955(05)70157-7journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In the last decade, significant progress in the knowledge and management of external genital anomalies has been achieved, including an improved understanding of epidemiology and pathophysiology of these anomalies, the identification of etiologic genetic defects, and significant improvements in surgical approaches that...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.001
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides an overview of the psychopharmacologic management of irritability, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. A review of the current literature on medications used to treat these conditions with emphasis on randomized controlled trials is p...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2010.10.011
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most children with cancer are immunocompromised during therapy and for a variable period after completion of therapy. They are at an increased risk of infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. There is a reduction in immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases after completion of standard-dose chemotherapy an...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2007.10.012
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory system involvement in cystic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene throughout the sinopulmonary tract result in recurrent infections with a variety of organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Sta...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2016.04.007
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have limitations and a new definition for the purpose of clinical research, benchmarking, and prognostic prediction is needed. Different inhaled and systemic drugs are currently used to prevent or treat BPD. Despite some positive effects on BPD, more information abou...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes child oral health-related quality of life measures and provides some examples of their use in determining the effect of clinical interventions, such as dental treatment under general anesthesia, orthodontic treatment, and treatment of orofacial clefting. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2018.05.015
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) is in its adolescence, it is already having a major impact on patient care, quality, safety, and education. Pediatric hospitalists have been front-and-center in the safety and quality movement, driving change as clinicians, applying evidence-based medicine to standardize prac...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2019.03.013
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an otherwise healthy child with acute dehydration known to be due to diarrhea or vomiting, the amount of deficit can best be estimated by accurate weight. Total serum protein and hematocrit provide a rough estimate of reduction in circulating blood volume, but calculation from these data will usually underestimate ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)32538-x
更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms at the pediatrician's office. Etiology ranges from benign conditions to serious ones requiring prompt attention. This article addresses entities that present as musculoskeletal pain but are not associated with arthritis. The most common nonarthritic co...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.012
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in science and technology have led to the capability of early screening of newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism. Preliminary screening programs in North America have been established in Quebec and in the Northwestern and Northeastern United States. To date these programs have screened approxim...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33598-2
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available infant formulas contain a vast assortment of carbohydrate, protein, and fat sources in an effort to emulate the composition of human milk. Although infants receiving commercial formulas thrive, physicians should be cognizant of differences in formula composition and the research that has resulted in the diff...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38838-1
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of a parasitic infection depends upon demonstration of the organism in stool, blood, or tissue specimens, and a variety of relatively simple procedures is available for this purpose. In this article, the author describes those procedures that are most frequently used on a routine basis. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34868-4
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in genetics, including mapping the human genome, improved therapy for genetic disorders, recognition of the role of genetic factors in common diseases of adulthood, and new screening tests for carrier detection and presymptomatic diagnosis create an increased demand for and awareness of clinical genetic servi...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38259-1
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Septic shock remains the major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although early sepsis recognition, fluid resuscitation, timely administration of antimicrobials, and vasoactive-inotropic drug infusions are all key to achieving good sepsis outcomes, therapy using various steroid drug classes remains...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.06.010
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized in children. There is accumulating robust evidence to support early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the epidemiology, clinical features, complications, and treatment of childhood OSA. The authors h...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.012
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoblastoma is the most common neoplasm of the eye in childhood, and represents 3% of all childhood malignancies. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the very young; two-thirds are diagnosed before 2 years of age and 95% before 5 years. Retinoblastoma presents in 2 distinct clinical forms: (1) a bilateral or multifocal, ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2014.09.014
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A growing body of research suggests that infant feeding practices influence the risk for several chronic diseases of childhood and adolescence. Increased risks for type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, some childhood cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease have been associated with artificial infant feeding and short-term ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70289-3
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than half of US adolescents will experiment with marijuana. Of those who try marijuana more than once, approximately one third will subsequently use marijuana regularly, although most will have stopped by their late 20s. Although genetic predisposition plays the most important role in determining who will develop...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(01)00011-6
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Varicella zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are all members of the Herpesviridae family.Humans are the only source of infection for these double stranded DNA viruses. Infants may acquire these infections in utero, peripartum, or postnatally, resulting in a variety of clinical syn...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2004.03.005
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence on the science of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in children with cancer is slowly evolving. Most parents of children with cancer want their children to receive state-of-the-art therapy, which generally includes chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Increasingly, they also want the concomitant u...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2007.10.007
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the newborn with hyperbilirubinemia is an important and commonly encountered problem in all clinical pediatric-based practices. Cholestatic jaundice is always pathologic and warrants prompt assessment. The timely evaluation and directed treatment of any jaundiced newborn are essential to prevent serious ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38655-2
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lack of success in achieving considerable reductions in neonatal mortality is a contributory factor in failing to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4.2.6 million neonates still die each year, with preterm birth and infections the two leading causes. Maternal infections and environmental and infant factors influence ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.03.008
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is a rare life-threatening disease of unregulated complement activation. Untreated, the prognosis is generally poor; more than one-half of patients die or develop end-stage renal disease within 1 year. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, I have attempted to summarize the concept of intestinal permeability to antigens such as ingested food proteins, bacterial breakdown products, endotoxins, and enzymes. The mature gut retains the capacity to absorb macromolecules by a pinocytotic mechanism which is more pronounced during the neonatal p...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33204-7
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blind infants need early and accurate diagnosis. The spectrum of etiologies, from ocular globes and optic nerves to cerebral lesions, is reviewed. A strategy of investigation and principles of management is summarized. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of the principles underlying successful renal transplantation in children has led us to increasing success in achieving our goals, which involve more than simple renal function replacement and include effective growth in stature, skeletal and central nervous system development, as well as social develo...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36327-1
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children's temperament continues to make a significant contribution to their physical health, development, and behavior as they progress into later childhood and adolescence. The definition of temperament as behavioral style remains the same, although the relative importance of the several dimensions shifts, factors a...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38345-6
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"In this article, the authors provide an overview of the current global and US debates on immigration as a key developmental context for immigrant-origin youth. Relying on a conceptual framework that highlights both risk and protective factors, the authors provide evidence from their longitudinal study that empiricall...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2019.02.010
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Healthy children may present acute mountain sickness (AMS) within a few hours after arrival at high altitudes. In few cases, serious complications may occur, including high-altitude pulmonary edema and rarely high-altitude cerebral edema. Those with preexisting conditions especially involving hypoxia and pulmonary hyp...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2020.09.015
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most ocular and orbital tumors of childhood are distinct from tumors that occur in adults. Many are congenital with early presentations. Most pediatric orbital tumors are benign; developmental cysts comprise half of orbital cases, with capillary hemangioma being the second most common orbital tumor. The most common or...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00115-3
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
