Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This study determined the effect of provider (nurse or teacher) and training method (workshop or self-preparation) on outcomes of a social influences smoking prevention program. METHODS:One hundred elementary schools were stratified by school risk score (high risk = high smoking rate among senior students) and assigned randomly to conditions: (1) teacher/self-preparation, (2) teacher/workshop, (3) nurse/self-preparation, (4) nurse/workshop, and (5) control. Intervention occurred in grades 6 to 8. Smoking status at the end of grade 8 was the primary endpoint variable. RESULTS:Intervention reduced grade 8 smoking rates in high-risk schools (smoking rates of 26.9% in control vs 16.0% in intervention schools) but not in low-risk schools. There were no significant differences in outcome as a function of training method and no significant differences in outcome between teacher-provided and nurse-provided interventions in high- and medium-risk schools. Although nurses achieved better outcomes than did teachers in low-risk schools, neither provider type achieved outcomes superior to the control condition in those schools. CONCLUSIONS:Workshop training did not affect outcomes. Teachers and nurses were equally effective providers. Results suggest that programming should target high-risk schools.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Cameron R,Brown KS,Best JA,Pelkman CL,Madill CL,Manske SR,Payne MEdoi
10.2105/ajph.89.12.1827subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
1827-31issue
12eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
89pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::We administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale to 547 San Francisco Latinos as part of a random digit dialing telephone survey to evaluate smoking behavior. Both men and women current smokers had the highest mean CES-D levels (9.7 and 14.3, respectively). Logistic regression analysis a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.12.1500
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated basic measures used to assess collaboration between colocated providers and to gauge the extent to which health centers practice integrated care. METHODS:We used the Assessment of Behavioral Health Services survey and the 2010 Uniform Data System to explore the elements of integrated care fo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302710
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the contribution of age and other risk factors to racial disparities in rates of moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500-2499 g) and very low birthweight (VLBW; <1500 g). METHODS:Logistic regression models were developed to determine the effects on MLBW and VLBW of maternal age, race, and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1815
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the costs, risks, and benefits of possible future major policy decisions on vaccination, surveillance, response plans, and containment following global eradication of wild polioviruses. METHODS:We developed a decision analytic model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and net b...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.122192
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the effects of age error on use of weight-for-age and height-for-age for assessing and screening malnutrition, and for identifying factors of malnutrition in 679 children aged 22-59 months in Companiganj, in rural Bangladesh. Overreporting and random error in age and correlation of age error with each of the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.3.280
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men. METHODS:We conducted a 3-parallel-arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Cocaine use among youths as measured by several annual surveys was most popular from about 1979 to 1986, after which it declined. This study carefully examines the nature of the decline by focusing on microdata for youthful arrestees in Manhattan. METHODS:Multiple statistical analyses examine whether the de...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.8.1250
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia implemented an eight-month prospective surveillance system in 24 hospitals distributed among states with and without public funding for abortion. Out of 3,157 visits for abortion-related complications, only 10 women gave a history of non-physician or self-induced ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.9.945
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to test the efficacy of an intervention that was designed to promote social inclusion and commitment to education, in reducing among students health risk behaviors and improving emotional well-being. METHODS:The design was a cluster-randomized trial in 25 secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047399
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among high school students in Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS:Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were given to 3909 8th and 11th graders in a stratified random sample of 49 public and private schools. The instrument included items fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.2.219
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined which local health department (LHD)-level factors contributed to successful implementation of policy, systems, and environmental change strategies in Minnesota. METHODS:We used a retrospective mixed-methods design to evaluate the relationship between the Statewide Health Improvement Plan (SHIP) ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302419
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In data from the Texas Educational Agency and the Health Resources and Services Administration, we found fewer autism diagnoses in school districts with higher percentages of Hispanic children. Our results are consistent with previous reports of autism rates 2 to 3 times as high among non-Hispanic Whites as among Hisp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.150565
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This analysis compares the rates of spontaneous abortion among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter with those of women living in a town where blood lead levels were low. Data derive from the obstetric histories of both groups of women obtained while seeking prenatal care for a later pregnancy. A total of 63...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.1.33
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-one infants born to women employed at two capacitor manufacturing facilities with a history of high exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had a mean birthweight of 153 grams less than that of 337 infants born to women who had worked in low-exposure areas (90 per cent confidence interval, -286 to -20 g); m...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.10.1153
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viva la Vida (Live Your Life) is a call to action for older Latinos to take charge of their diabetes and live life to the fullest. Lumetra, California's federally designated Medicare quality improvement organization, developed the Viva la Vida project to improve diabetes care among Latino Medicare beneficiaries in 4 S...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.106062
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the independent effect of homeless and doubled-up episodes on physical and mental health, cognitive development, and health care use among children. METHODS:We used data from 4 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, involving a sample of 2631 low-income children in 20 large US ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300098
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of Reducing the Risk (RTR) and Love Notes (LN) on reducing risky sexual behavior among youths yet to experience or cause a pregnancy. METHODS: The four dependent variables were ever had sex, condom use, birth control use, and number of sexual partners at 3- and 6-month follow-up in a 3...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303429
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several Latin American countries are implementing a suite of so-called "postneoliberal" social and political economic policies to counter neoliberal models that emerged in the 1980s. This article considers the influence of postneoliberalism on public health discourses, policies, institutions, and practices in Bolivia,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303470
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors related to preschool child receipt of vitamin A during the first year of a semi-annual vitamin A capsule delivery program were investigated in 229 villages in Aceh, Indonesia. Coverage was higher in villages which were more rural and less economically developed. Highest performance was achieved by village dist...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.7.847
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "rediscovery" of poverty, as echoed in concepts of social inequality, has contributed to the goal of eliminating racial/ethnic and social class disparities in the United States. This commentary focuses on what we know about the pressing health care needs and issues relevant to Latino children and families and how ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.12.1827
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been changes within the judicial system that may be attributable to opinions on the admissibility of expert testimony that began with the Supreme Court's 1993 decision in Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. After surveying Daubert and subsequent related Supreme Court opinions, I examine a number of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.044701
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the effects of a major federal immunization continuing education course, delivered in both traditional classroom and satellite broadcast versions, on public health professionals' knowledge, agreement, self-efficacy, and adherence in practice to recommendations. METHODS:The study used a ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.8.1218
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined socioeconomic inequalities in health among older adults in England and Brazil. METHODS:We analyzed nationally representative samples of residents aged 50 years and older in 2008 data from the Brazilian National Household Survey (n = 75,527) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 9589)...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300765
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three-week belt use law publicity and enforcement campaign in Elmira, New York, in November 1985, increased use from 49 per cent to 77 per cent; four months later belt use was 66 per cent. A reminder program, in April 1986, increased belt use to 80 per cent; use declined to 69 per cent four months later and to 60 pe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.11.1450
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate 3 single-item screening measures for limited health literacy in a community-based population of English and Spanish speakers. METHODS:We recruited 324 English and 314 Spanish speakers from a community research registry in Dallas, Texas, enrolled between 2009 and 2012. We used 3 screening measure...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303092
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1978, 345 persons were killed in the United States in jumps and falls from non-crashing motor vehicles: 64 per cent fell; 15 per cent jumped; and it was not known whether the other 21 per cent jumped or fell. Two hundred and one people had been traveling on the exterior of vehicles, especially truck beds, and almos...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.3.275
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:After conducting a media campaign focusing on the importance of oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) examinations, we assessed mechanisms of behavior change among individuals receiving an OPC examination for the first time. METHODS:We used data from 2 waves of telephone surveys of individuals residing in 36 rur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302516
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought information about the cost-related underuse of medications-which medications are underused, by whom, and how often. METHODS:Chronically ill adults were asked to identify how often they underused prescription medication for 16 health conditions because of the cost. RESULTS:Eighteen percent of resp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.10.1782
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV/AIDS epidemic has exacted a devastating toll upon Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, and there is a tremendous need to escalate HIV-prevention efforts for this population. The social context in which Black MSM experience the impact of racism and heterosexism strongly affects their risk...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143214
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The child labor laws are intended to protect young workers from the most dangerous jobs. However, children who work on their parents' farms are exempt from these laws. We evaluated the potential for preventing the occurrence of farm injuries among children by changing the US Federal Child Labor Laws, Hazardou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.078923
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00