Abstract:
:There have been changes within the judicial system that may be attributable to opinions on the admissibility of expert testimony that began with the Supreme Court's 1993 decision in Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. After surveying Daubert and subsequent related Supreme Court opinions, I examine a number of questions. Do the factors courts apply post-Daubert in ruling on the admissibility of expert testimony make scientific sense? Has Daubert had an impact on the willingness of scientists to become expert witnesses? What do we know about Daubert's impact on improving science in the court room? What has been Daubert's effect on access to the courts? Does Daubert further public policy objectives of protecting the public against harm?
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Berger MAdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2004.044701subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
S59-65eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
95/S1/S59journal_volume
95 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::From July 1987 to June 1988, 1030 pregnant women with hepatitis B were reported to a New York City surveillance program. Among 832 infants under follow-up, the coverage rates for combined hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine doses 1, 2, and 3 were 84%, 77%, and 59%, respectively. Infants covered by Medicaid and uni...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.6.885
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors-never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption-and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. METHODS:We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Hea...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300167
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of changes in Rhode Island's Lead Hazard Mitigation Law in 2005 on children's blood lead levels. METHODS:We used 2005 to 2009 data from Rhode Island's Lead Elimination Surveillance System; city tax assessor records in Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301908
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from a national sample of hospitals were used to explore reasons for improved in-hospital survival rate for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery between 1972 and 1982. Increases in annual volumes of surgery explain a large fraction of the decline in death rates. The residual can be attributed to improved t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.4.498
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We reviewed data for the Minority HIV/AIDS Research Initiative (MARI), which was established in 2003 to support underrepresented minority scientists performing HIV prevention research in highly affected communities. METHODS:MARI was established at the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control as a program ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301345
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (RLDS) are dissuaded from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and hot drinks. A well-balanced diet is also stressed. This study compares the 1972-78 mortality experience of the Missouri RLDS with three other population groups. The findings show Missouri R...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.12.1350
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of returning to work on health among working-aged adults. METHODS:We searched 6 electronic databases in 2005. We selected longitudinal studies that documented a transition from unemployment to employment and included a comparison group. Two reviewers i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300401
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We studied whether park size, number of features in the park, and distance to a park from participants' homes were related to a park being used for physical activity. METHODS:We collected observational data on 28 specific features from 33 parks. Adult residents in surrounding areas (n=380) completed 7-day p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.129064
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The science of eliminating health disparities is complex and dependent on demographic data. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) encourages the adoption of electronic health records and requires basic demographic data collection; however, current data generated are insufficie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302384
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study explored whether ethnic differences in the impact of advanced maternal age on the risk of Down syndrome might reflect differences in use of prenatal diagnostic technologies. METHODS:Maternal age-specific odds of Down syndrome and amniocentesis use were compared among African Americans, Mexican Am...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1778
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding differential disease susceptibility requires new tools to quantify the cumulative effects of environmental stress. Evidence suggests that social, physical, and chemical stressors can influence disease through the accumulation of epigenetic modifications. Geographically stable epigenetic alterations could...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302130
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to update income-specific secular trends in obesity in Brazil to assess the hypothesis that the disease burden is shifting toward the poor. METHODS:We compared overall and income-specific obesity prevalence rates estimated for Brazilian men and women from national surveys conducted in 1975, 1989, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.099630
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess the association between child care arrangements and repeated ear infections in young children. METHODS:Data on 5818 children younger than 6 years of age were taken from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of Child Health. RESULTS:Seventeen percent of the childr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.9.1321
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three hundred seventy-two (63%) of 590 enrollees in nine smoking cessation workshops held over a five-year period responded to a follow-up survey. Outcome data were collected retrospectively for six-month intervals from workshop to follow-up. Forty nine per cent of all enrollees graduated, and 56% of the respondents q...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.7.725
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzed 30,194 incident cases and 4,301 death certificates for completeness of occupational reporting. Analysis of data accuracy was based upon a comparison of more than 2,000 death certificates with incident abstracts and 352 death certificates with interview data. Death certificates had a higher proporti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.5.464
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iodine-131 was found to dominate the gamma spectra of dried sludge and concentration liquid effluent samples from a sewage treatment plant serving the area containing the Texas Medical Center in 1975. The concentration of Iodine-131 varied considerably on a time scale of weeks but was fairly stable in the course of a ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.1.47
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe disparities in HIV infection and syphilis among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in US states through ratio-based measures and graphical depictions of disparities. METHODS:We used state-level surveillance data of reported HIV and syphilis cases in 2015 and 2016, and estim...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304762
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several Latin American countries are implementing a suite of so-called "postneoliberal" social and political economic policies to counter neoliberal models that emerged in the 1980s. This article considers the influence of postneoliberalism on public health discourses, policies, institutions, and practices in Bolivia,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303470
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With this article, we develop the Drinking Water Disparities Framework to explain environmental injustice in the context of drinking water in the United States. The framework builds on the social epidemiology and environmental justice literatures, and is populated with 5 years of field data (2005-2010) from California...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301664
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author reviews scientific and societal developments in artificial reproductive technologies during the past year in the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Australia. Successful births resulted from surrogate embryo transfer and from transfer of an embryo following in vivo fertilization. Recommendations on social poli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1415
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.3.304
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many assertions have been made about the competence of juries in dealing with expert evidence. I review the types of expert evidence that jurors hear and the impact of adversary legal procedure on the form and manner in which evidence is presented. Empirical research indicates that jurors understand the adversary proc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.044677
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Belmont Report principles focus on the well-being of the research subject, yet community-engaged investigators often eschew the role of subject for that of participant. We conducted semistructured interviews with 29 community and academic investigators working on 10 community-engaged studies. Interviews elicited persp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302403
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether sexual minorities have an earlier mortality than do heterosexuals, we investigated associations between sexual orientation assessed in the 2001 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and mortality in the 2011 NHANES-linked mortality file. Mortality follow-up time averag...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303052
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A joint urban planning and public health perspective is articulated here for use, in health impact assessment. Absent a blueprint for a coherent and supportive structure on which to test our thinking, we are bound to fall flat. Such a perspective is made necessary by the sheer number of people living in cities through...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.1.118
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In spite of over 30 years of periodic nationwide surveys, we have thus far only the most rudimentary estimates of the determinants of the health of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. This paper explores ways to improve the capability of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) to collect national...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.12.1645
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This field study tested the feasibility and benefits of a program to promote 6 targeted parental behaviors to prevent obesity in children served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). METHODS:Two WIC sites participated in a nonrandomized, controlled 1-year pros...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.9.1490
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine whether severe psychological distress (SPD) and serious mental illnesses (SMIs) are associated with a specific set of chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and the association between SPD-SMIs and increasing levels of medical multimorbidity and complexity (i.e., from 1 to 3 or more CMCs). ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302165
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the lifetime prevalence of official investigations for child maltreatment among children in the United States. METHODS:We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Child Files (2003-2014) and Census data to develop synthetic cohort life tables to estimate the cumulative prevalence of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the prevalence and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse among 758 young African American men who have sex with men. A quarter of the sample reported unprotected anal intercourse in the past 3 months; nonsupportive peer norms and not carrying condoms predicted risky sexual behavior. Effective ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.7.1122
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00