Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess the association between child care arrangements and repeated ear infections in young children. METHODS:Data on 5818 children younger than 6 years of age were taken from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of Child Health. RESULTS:Seventeen percent of the children had had repeated ear infections in the year preceding the interview. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors significantly associated with repeated ear infections were age (1 to 2 years), race (White), sex (male), and medical history (repeated tonsillitis, enlarged adenoids, or asthma). When these factors were controlled for, children in a current child care arrangement still had a 50% higher chance of repeated ear infections than did children not in care. Children in day care centers were at higher risk than children cared for in homes. Care in settings with more than six children elevated the risk, but hours per week of care did not. CONCLUSIONS:Decreasing the risk of repeated ear infections in young children in out-of-home child care settings may require smaller group sizes. Given the increasing use of child care, research should continue to identify specific aspects of child care that contribute to this problem.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Hardy AM,Fowler MGdoi
10.2105/ajph.83.9.1321subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-09-01 00:00:00pages
1321-5issue
9eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three hundred ninety-eight patients treated in the emergency room for non-urgent complaints who stated that they had no regular source of primary medical care were referred to one of several medical care centers in the area. Overall, 34 per cent of such patients complied with the referral. Correlates of compliance wer...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.1.57
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates from the National Study of the Incidence and Severity of Child Abuse and Neglect suggest that hospitals recognized over 77,000 cases of child abuse between May 3, 1979, and April 30, 1980. Compared to other agencies in the sample, hospitals identified children who were younger, Black, lived in urban areas, a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.1.56
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess time trends in mortality rates in European countries for the period 2011 to 2015 by level of austerity measures imposed by governments in response to the economic and financial crisis. METHODS:We analyzed standardized mortality rates (SMRs) for 2011 through 2015 in 15 European countries based on E...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.304997
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A longitudinal survey assessed the distribution of adult body weight among the Chinese population. METHODS:Data from the 1989 and 1991 China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to study changes in the proportions of adults aged 20-45 years who were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.5.690
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Family allowances designed to promote maternal and child health and welfare could be self-defeating if they stimulated otherwise unwanted births, as often assumed. That assumption, with its public health and demographic implications, needs testing. An attempt to test it was made in Chile in 1969--1970 through intervie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.10.989
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study compared characteristics of older (> or = 50 years) and younger (< 50 years) women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) attributed to heterosexual contact. METHODS:We interviewed women with heterosexually acquired AIDS reported to 12 state and local health departments. Of 556 women inte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.11.1616
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The science of eliminating health disparities is complex and dependent on demographic data. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) encourages the adoption of electronic health records and requires basic demographic data collection; however, current data generated are insufficie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302384
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We interviewed 290 pregnant women randomly selected from public and private prenatal clinics, 80 per cent of whom were at least five months pregnant (ages 18-43, 42 per cent Latino, 22 per cent Black). Twenty-four women reported physical battering during this pregnancy (44 reported physical battering before the curren...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.10.1337
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of Draw the Line/Respect the Line, a theoretically based curriculum designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors among middle school adolescents. METHODS:The randomized controlled trial involved 19 schools in northern California. A cohort of 2829 sixth graders wa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.5.843
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of the Freedom of Information Act can be potentially harmful to the security of research in progress. There is no protection from disclosure of information in grant applications; collected research data can be obtained and disclosed prematurely; and data supporting published research may be acquired and re-analyz...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.4.335
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidental exposure to the blood of hepatitis B patients produced less fear than does accidental exposure today to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even though both have an approximately equal overall risk of death (approximately 1%). Subjects responding to hypothetical insect-exposure and disease-exposure scen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.4.584
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of Hanna Porn affords an opportunity to examine how the laws that led to the abolition of midwifery in Massachusetts evolved and were applied to the midwife whose case set the state legal precedent. Mrs Porn served primarily a Finnish-Swedish clientele of wives of laborers. The outcomes of the births she atte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.6.1022
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined relations between early alcohol use and subsequent alcohol and sexual risk behaviors among urban adolescents. METHODS:A total of 1034 African American and Hispanic youths completed surveys assessing alcohol and sexual behaviors at 7th and 10th grade. After we controlled for early sexual initiati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.026567
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subsidized rural clinics and providers have long depended on the rural hospital for the care of some of their patients; the hospital has also been a source of revenue for these providers and programs. We studied a representative national sample of 116 subsidized rural clinics, focusing on the impact on rural clinic co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.7.749
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional methods for classifying patients with respect to utilization of health care resources are based almost exclusively on diagnostic criteria. We review a new severity of illness index which is generic to most medical and surgical conditions in a hospital, and which has been found to produce subgroups of pati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.1.25
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide is a public health problem disproportionately associated with some demographic characteristics (e.g., sexual orientation, veteran status). Analyses of the Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data revealed that more lesbian, gay, and bisexual (i.e., sexual minority) veterans reported suicid...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300565
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated whether the decline of the racial disparity in preterm birth during the last decade was commensurate with a decline in the contribution of preterm birth to the infant mortality gap. METHODS:We used linked files of 1990 and 2000 data on US infant births and deaths to partition the gap between Bl...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.093708
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postabortion care providers who breach patient confidentiality endanger women's health and violate ethics. A 1998 abortion ban in El Salvador likely spurred an increase in the number of women investigated, because many women were reported to legal authorities by health care providers. Having analyzed safeguards of con...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.071720
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We identified barriers to care seeking for pneumonia and diarrhea among rural Guatemalan children. METHODS:A population-based survey was conducted twice from 2008 to 2009 among 1605 households with children younger than 5 years. A 14-day calendar recorded episodes of carer-reported pneumonia (n = 364) and d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301658
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public health experts recommend that health insurance include coverage for smoking cessation treatment as an evidence-based strategy to reduce smoking. As employers, states can implement this policy for more than 5 million individuals nationwide. This study identified the extent to which states require smoking cessati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.8.1338
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine food insecurity and cardiovascular disease-related health outcomes among American Indians (AIs) in rural Oklahoma. METHODS:We surveyed a cross-sectional sample of 513 AI adults to assess food insecurity domains (i.e., food quality and quantity) and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. RESULTS:Am...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303605
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We describe trends in receipt of preventive dental care among Medicaid-enrolled children in Pennsylvania between 2005 and 2010, comparing the US children of immigrants with their co-ethnic peers in nonimmigrant families. METHODS:We analyzed Pennsylvania Medicaid claims, birth records, and census data for ch...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302157
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine the accuracy of geocoding for public health databases. METHODS:A test file of 70 addresses, 50 of which involved errors, was generated, and the file was geocoded to the census tract and block group levels by 4 commercial geocoding firms. Also, the "real world" accuracy of the ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.7.1114
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether state-sponsored antitobacco advertisements are associated with reduced adult smoking, and interactions between smoking-related advertising types. METHODS:We measured mean exposure to smoking-related advertisements with television ratings for the top-75 US media markets from 1999 to 2...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300443
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in attitudes, experiences, readiness, and confidence levels of medical residents to perform screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and factors that moderate these changes. METHODS:A cohort of 121 medical residents received an educa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300802
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in genomics and neuroscience have ushered in unprecedented opportunities to increase our understanding of the biological underpinnings of mental disorders, yet there has been limited progress in translating knowledge on genetic risk factors to reduce the burden of these conditions in the population. We descri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.304948
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Despite the importance of community health workers (CHWs) in strategies to reduce health disparities and the call to enhance their roles in research, little information exists on how to prepare CHWs involved in community-academic initiatives (CAIs). Therefore, the New York University Prevention Research Cent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300429
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a community-based pilot study to boost HIV testing in a minority community through social network recruitment and a noninvasive HIV testing methodology. Over an 11-month period, the number of test takers at the intervention site increased by 71.7%, and the proportions of test takers with risk factors simil...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.1.29
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper models the prevailing political attack on government as a heuristic, a judgmental strategy that simplifies complex phenomena by applying simple tests to a limited set of relevant data. The heuristic of market individualism offers three tools for analyzing the problems of governing: the supremacy of the free...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.10.1607
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::After being randomly assigned to receive policy effectiveness information expressed as attributable benefit, attributable risk, or relative risk, 318 graduate students were asked to indicate their preferences for the current voluntary seat belt use policy, a mandatory seat belt policy, or mandatory passive restraints....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.4.354
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00