Abstract:
:Postabortion care providers who breach patient confidentiality endanger women's health and violate ethics. A 1998 abortion ban in El Salvador likely spurred an increase in the number of women investigated, because many women were reported to legal authorities by health care providers. Having analyzed safeguards of confidentiality in laws and ethical guidelines, we obtained information from legal records on women prosecuted from 1998 to 2003 and identified factors that may lead to reporting through a survey of obstetrician-gynecologists (n=110). Although ethical and human rights standards oblige providers to respect patients' privacy, 80% of obstetrician-gynecologists mistakenly believed reporting was required. Most respondents (86%) knew that women delay seeking care because of fear of prosecution, yet a majority (56%) participated in notification of legal authorities.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
McNaughton HL,Mitchell EM,Hernandez EG,Padilla K,Blandon MMdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2005.071720subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-11-01 00:00:00pages
1927-33issue
11eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2005.071720journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:The child labor laws are intended to protect young workers from the most dangerous jobs. However, children who work on their parents' farms are exempt from these laws. We evaluated the potential for preventing the occurrence of farm injuries among children by changing the US Federal Child Labor Laws, Hazardou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.078923
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data System. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a cross-sectional survey on the health and nutritional status of US adults and children. Data Collection/Processing. A complex, multistage probability design is used to select a sample...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether state-sponsored antitobacco advertisements are associated with reduced adult smoking, and interactions between smoking-related advertising types. METHODS:We measured mean exposure to smoking-related advertisements with television ratings for the top-75 US media markets from 1999 to 2...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300443
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists have expressed concern about constraints upon the conduct of epidemiological research imposed by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), attorneys, and both institutional and individual health services providers. The epidemiologists assert that these constraints, not necessarily required by law or sound po...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.10.1155
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author reviews scientific and societal developments in artificial reproductive technologies during the past year in the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Australia. Successful births resulted from surrogate embryo transfer and from transfer of an embryo following in vivo fertilization. Recommendations on social poli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1415
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of environmental and biological monitoring for lead exposure were surveyed in lead-using industries in California. Employer self-reporting indicates a large proportion of potentially lead-exposed workers have never participated in a monitoring program. Only 2.6 percent of facilities have done environmental mo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.8.921
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the period July through October, 1986, 78 laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis were identified in New Mexico. To determine possible risk factors for development of this disease, we conducted a case-control study; 24 case-patients and 46 neighborhood controls were interviewed. Seventeen (71 per cent) of t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.1.39
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We identified barriers to care seeking for pneumonia and diarrhea among rural Guatemalan children. METHODS:A population-based survey was conducted twice from 2008 to 2009 among 1605 households with children younger than 5 years. A 14-day calendar recorded episodes of carer-reported pneumonia (n = 364) and d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301658
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate racial/ethnic and gender inequities in the compensation and benefits of US health care workers and assess the potential impact of a $15-per-hour minimum wage on their economic well-being. METHODS:Using the 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we compare...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304801
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated changes in community-based agencies following the implementation of the Medicare prospective payment system for hospitals utilizing DRGs (diagnosis-related groups). Data were collected in 1986 and 1987 from 771 community service providers. There were five major findings: 1) hospital discharge planners,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.7.840
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with body composition, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette smoking, and education were examined in a community-based sample of 480 Black and 1337 White women. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated inverse associations of HDL with body mass ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.98
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the relationship between admission status and subsequent outcomes, 563 patients discharged during 1980 from 24 nursing homes were followed through 1982. Only 28 per cent of patients were discharged to their homes. Reconstructed life histories of 529 discharges for the two-year follow-up revealed only 38 p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.7.758
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::I describe variations in the structure and in the practice of rural public health and how rural communities meet the challenges of current public health practice, including primary methods of service delivery and partnership development. I present examples of promising models for the creation of rural public health ca...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.10.1678
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis of morbidity was made in 11 kibbutzim (cooperative agricultural settlements), with a total population of 3,040, that had switched from nonwastewater to wastewater sprinkler irrigation or vice versa. Generally, partially treated stabilization pond effluent of poor microbial quality was used for irrigation. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.8.977
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1978 to 1983, researchers at the University of North Carolina conducted a National Evaluation of Rural Primary Care Programs. Thirty years later, many of the programs they studied have closed, but the challenges of providing rural health care have persisted. I explored the histories of 4 surviving rural primary c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.146050
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the need for physician services among a group of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in anticipation of their transfer to community residential facilities and subsequent management of their care by community-based physicians. The clients' personal physicians in the institution identifie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.10.1202
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 100 years ago, public health began as an organized discipline, its purpose being to improve the health of populations rather than of individuals. Given its population-based focus, however, public health perennially faces dilemmas concerning the appropriate extent of its reach and whether its activities infri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1776
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Profound and growing disparities exist in oral health among certain US populations. We sought here to determine the prevalence of oral health complaints among Harlem adults by measures of social class, as well as their access to oral health care. METHODS:A population-based survey of adults in Central Harlem...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.1.49
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medical outcomes and demographic characteristics of all victims of fires identified by The Baltimore Fire Department during a 14-month period in Baltimore City were studied. Fifty-nine per cent of victims suffered minor injuries, 25 per cent required hospitalization and 16 per cent were fatalities. The majority of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.11.1077
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine sexual violence victimization in childhood and sexual risk indicators in young adulthood in a primarily Latina and Black cohort of "mostly heterosexual" and heterosexual women in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). METHODS:In 2000, a comprehensive survey t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.099473
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of changes in Rhode Island's Lead Hazard Mitigation Law in 2005 on children's blood lead levels. METHODS:We used 2005 to 2009 data from Rhode Island's Lead Elimination Surveillance System; city tax assessor records in Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301908
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper models the prevailing political attack on government as a heuristic, a judgmental strategy that simplifies complex phenomena by applying simple tests to a limited set of relevant data. The heuristic of market individualism offers three tools for analyzing the problems of governing: the supremacy of the free...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.10.1607
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We obtained contextual information regarding documented barriers to HIV clinical trial participation among Black men who have sex with men (MSM), and explored current preventive HIV clinical trial attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions among Black MSM leaders in the United States. METHODS:We conducted 2 focus ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301653
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We examined the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among recent (0-9 years) and nonrecent (>/= 10 years) immigrant women in Canada to determine whether differences in IPV were associated with length of stay in Canada. METHODS:We analyzed data from the 1999 General Social Survey, a national cross-s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.046409
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine intraindividual change in polytobacco and individual tobacco and nicotine product use across young adulthood. METHOD:Participants were 2711 students from 24 Texas colleges participating in a 6-wave online study, with 6 months between each wave. Participants were aged 18 to 25 years at baseline in...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304850
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined information on tar and nicotine yields on the packages of 160 cigarette brands, 58 percent of the 275 brands for which tar and nicotine yields were listed in a recent Federal Trade Commission report. The tar yield was indicated on 14 percent, the nicotine yield was indicated on 11 percent. As tar yield inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.5.551
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the association between reported use of vitamin supplements and risk of cataract and cataract extraction. METHODS:The study population consisted of 17,744 participants in the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin therapy and beta-carot...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.788
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with the rest of Central and Eastern Europe, Croatia has begun to dismantle its long-standing socialist health care system and to replace it with a market-based approach. Marketization's advocates maintain that the market will bring efficiency and quality to the Croatian health care system. Nevertheless, data fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1156
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental problem with classifying agriculturally related injury is that there is neither a rational nor a comprehensive scheme for grouping incidents into categories describing actual exposures encountered on farms and in agricultural work. Current surveillance systems are unable to differentiate between work tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.5.736
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This analysis compares the rates of spontaneous abortion among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter with those of women living in a town where blood lead levels were low. Data derive from the obstetric histories of both groups of women obtained while seeking prenatal care for a later pregnancy. A total of 63...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.1.33
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00