Abstract:
:In the period July through October, 1986, 78 laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis were identified in New Mexico. To determine possible risk factors for development of this disease, we conducted a case-control study; 24 case-patients and 46 neighborhood controls were interviewed. Seventeen (71 per cent) of the 24 case-patients were females, seven (29%) were males; their ages ranged from 4 months to 44 years, median 3 years. There was a strong association between drinking surface water and illness: five of the 24 case-patients, but none of the 46 controls drank untreated surface water. Among children, illness was also associated with attending a day care center where other children were ill (odds ratio = 13.1).
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Gallaher MM,Herndon JL,Nims LJ,Sterling CR,Grabowski DJ,Hull HFdoi
10.2105/ajph.79.1.39subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
39-42issue
1eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::An increased incidence of obvious live-birth neural tube defects (i.e., spina bifida cystica and encephalocele) occurred in Jamaica 11 to 18 months after Hurricane Gilbert. The conceptions of the affected babies coincided with a rise in megaloblastic change in sickle cell patients, suggesting a wide-spread drop in die...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.3.473
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:I studied the extent to which maternal deaths are underreported on death certificates. METHODS:We collected data on maternal deaths from death certificates, linkage of death certificates with birth and fetal death records, and review of medical examiner records. RESULTS:Thirty-eight percent of maternal dea...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.040063
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Given the declining health status of the Russian population and the negative social impact of ongoing economic reforms, it is important to understand the nature and scope of Russia's innovations in health care financing. METHODS:Data on Russian health care and its financing were gathered from Russian newspa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), enacted in 2005, grants the firearm industry broad immunity from liability. The PLCAA not only prevents most people from receiving compensation for their firearm-related injuries, it erodes litigation's ability to serve its public health role of providing manufact...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.092544
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to develop a methodology for estimating potential solid organ donors and measuring donation performance in a geographic region based on readily available data on the hospitals in that region. METHODS:Medical records were reviewed in a stratified random sample of 89 hospitals from 3 regions...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1645
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.683
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the efficacy of skills training designed to increase female condom use among women. METHODS:We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 409 women, recruited from family planning clinics in northern California, who were randomly assigned to the experimental 4-session female condom skills train...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.113050
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper explores the relationship of state hospital and general hospital psychiatric caseloads in a statewide system of care. METHODS:Probabilistic population estimation was applied to general hospital and state hospital data sets. RESULTS:General hospitals provide inpatient psychiatric services to more...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.3.448
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the relative utility of the Social Security Administration and National Death Index as sources of mortality data, the vital status of 12,866 participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial was identified from these sources and compared to the known mortality experience. The SSA correctly identi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.11.1270
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated attitudes toward provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in the suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe, where late presentation after mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) is a major cause of adolescent mortality. METHODS:Adolescents (10-18 years) attending 2 primary clinics were offered...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300250
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Our community health center attempted to meet public health goals for encouraging exercise in adult patients vulnerable to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases by partnering with a local YMCA. METHODS:During routine office visits, providers referred individual patients to the YMCA at ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300958
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the 47 states that participated in a 1983 survey of State Health Departments, 30 were found to have public health standards in place or started. Most states' standards emphasize the range of services to be provided, but substantial variations were found in how standards are formulated, adopted, and used by state an...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.6.649
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Disablement Process model explicates the transition from health conditions to disability and specifically emphasizes the role of intervening factors that speed up or slow down the pathway between pathology and disability. We used hierarchical Poisson regression analyses with data on older adults from central North...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.054494
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We postulated the existence of a statin-iron nexus by which statins improve cardiovascular disease outcomes at least partially by countering proinflammatory effects of excess iron stores. METHODS:Using data from a clinical trial of iron (ferritin) reduction in advanced peripheral arterial disease, the Iron ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301163
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the 18-month incidence of tooth loss in a random sample of 451 dentate noninstitutionalized Iowans aged 65 and older residing in two rural counties. They had a mean of 19.0 teeth at baseline and lost an average of 0.4 teeth during the subsequent 18 months. Twenty-one per cent of the population ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.10.1330
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Doctor of Public Health degree is designed to build leadership skills and an ability to contribute to the evidence base of practice. The competency-based, distance-format, doctoral-level program for midcareer professionals features an action learning appr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302331
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public health, like politics, is the art of the possible. To maximize effectiveness, public health officers in any jurisdiction should (1) get good data and ensure timely and effective dissemination; (2) prioritize and tackle more difficult initiatives first; (3) find, fight, and win winnable battles in areas where pr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303204
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This report examines the impact of an economic embargo from 1991 to 1994 on health, well-being, and human rights in Haiti. METHODS:Data from surveillance systems for nutrition, reportable diseases, and hospital diagnoses were combined with survey data and interviews with affected women, governmental represe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.10.1499
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between burden of providing care to non-ill children and grandchildren and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) among women. METHODS:A prospective cohort study was conducted as part of the Nurses' Health Study among 54,412 women aged 46 to 71 years who were registered nurse...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.11.1939
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study reports the results of a behavior change intervention offered to women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection seen in an urban primary health care clinic. METHODS:Participants were 197 women randomly assigned to either an HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.12.1918
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper offers suggestions to adi the selection of appropriate instruments and data gathering methods for studies that require measures of personal health status applicable in general populations. Before selecting measures, the reason for studying health status must be identified. Next, definitional issues arise wh...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.6.620
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1985, a measles outbreak involved 14 students and non-student contacts in Michigan. Eight transmissions occurred at university medical facilities; five of these were likely airborne transmissions. Medical students and a medical resident were involved in the outbreak's propagation. Health care providers need to be i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.9.1222
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a quality-of-life method for valuing changes in health status. Our model determines changes in health attributes for different illnesses and then estimates the dollar value of the corresponding welfare losses. We used our quality-of-life approach to estimate willingness to pay to avoid asthma, a headache,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.11.1553
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain repeat b...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.3.249
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Utilizing data from a field study of psychiatric disorder, the study examined sex differences in patterns of response to interviewers in contrasting status positions. The dependent variables in the analysis were mean scores on nosological scales measuring three dimensions of symptomotology identified in a factor analy...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.5.485
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:From 1985 to 1995, drivers younger than 21 years experienced a 50% drop in fatal crashes involving alcohol. This study addresses whether the decrease is explained by young drivers' drinking less or by their separating drinking from driving. METHODS:Nighttime roadside surveys were conducted in 3 communities ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.5.755
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently in Russia, abortion rights have been attacked. For decades, Russian women could have an elective abortion up to week 12 of pregnancy; between 12 and 22 weeks, medical or social grounds were required for an abortion. In mid 2011, a group of Parliamentarians teamed up with Russian Orthodox Church activists and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301329
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed shifts in patterns of mortality during a hot weather event in greater Vancouver, British Columbia. METHODS:We used a case-only analysis to compare characteristics of individuals who died during the hottest week of 2009 with those who died (1) during earlier summer weeks in 2009 and (2) during th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300670
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noneconomic factors can be critical to the outcome of an economic development program. Anyone with development experience will have no difficulty recalling instances where, despite good economic planning, failure to account for social, cultural, and/or health factors has resulted in program accomplishments which fell...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.61.9.1751
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the structure and functions of state health departments throughout the United States and compared our findings with those from a previous national assessment conducted in 1990. METHODS:In 2001, we sent a survey to the state health officers of all 50 states. The survey asked about the structure a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053439
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00