Abstract:
:Understanding differential disease susceptibility requires new tools to quantify the cumulative effects of environmental stress. Evidence suggests that social, physical, and chemical stressors can influence disease through the accumulation of epigenetic modifications. Geographically stable epigenetic alterations could identify plausible mechanisms for health disparities among the disadvantaged and poor. Relations between neighborhood-specific epigenetic markers and disease would identify the most appropriate targets for medical and environmental intervention. Complex interactions among genes, the environment, and disease require the examination of how epigenetic changes regulate susceptibility to environmental stressors. Progress in understanding disparities in disease susceptibility may depend on assessing the cumulative effect of environmental stressors on genetic substrates. We highlight key concepts regarding the interface between environmental stress, epigenetics, and chronic disease.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Olden K,Lin YS,Gruber D,Sonawane Bdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2014.302130subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-01 00:00:00pages
1816-21issue
10eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sarasota, Fla, used Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles to guide revitalization efforts in its crime-ridden North Trail area. A team of city planners, police officers, and architects examined land use and crime data and sought input from local businesses, residents, and community leaders. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1442
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from a national sample of hospitals were used to explore reasons for improved in-hospital survival rate for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery between 1972 and 1982. Increases in annual volumes of surgery explain a large fraction of the decline in death rates. The residual can be attributed to improved t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.4.498
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess how US Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) awardees plan to respond to an influenza pandemic with vaccination. METHODS:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment, an online survey sent to PHEP directors, to analyze, in part, the rea...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303952
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 through 1984) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II (1976 through 1980) were used to examine reported physician-diagnosed asthma among 6-month-old through 11-year-old children. The highest prevalence of active ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.4.580
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term consequences of prior oral contraceptive use for bone mineral density were examined in 239 postmenopausal women, 35.1% of whom reported prior oral contraceptive use. Women who had used oral contraceptives for 6 or more years had significantly higher bone densities of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, bu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.100
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies of adolescent smoking suggest that the causes of smoking initiation may differ for Blacks and Whites. METHODS:Correlates of smoking initiation were examined among 1,277 nonsmokers, ages 12-14, who completed questionnaires in their homes. The analyses examined relationships between smoking initiation...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.7.854
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To quantify changes in US health care spending required to reach parity with high-resource nations by 2030 or 2040 and identify historical precedents for these changes.Methods. We analyzed multiple sources of historical and projected spending from 1970 through 2040. Parity was defined as the Organisation f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305793
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Profound and growing disparities exist in oral health among certain US populations. We sought here to determine the prevalence of oral health complaints among Harlem adults by measures of social class, as well as their access to oral health care. METHODS:A population-based survey of adults in Central Harlem...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.1.49
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Oregon, adult foster care (AFC) homes, which are private residences where a live-in manager cares for one to five disabled residents, have been covered by Medicaid since 1981 and seem to offer a mainstream alternative to nursing homes. They house almost 6000 older people, two thirds of which pay privately...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.9.1113
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subsidized rural clinics and providers have long depended on the rural hospital for the care of some of their patients; the hospital has also been a source of revenue for these providers and programs. We studied a representative national sample of 116 subsidized rural clinics, focusing on the impact on rural clinic co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.7.749
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304412.]. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304412e
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The authors examined Americans' opinions about financial and treatment competence of people with mental health problems, potential for harm to self or others, and the use of legal means to force treatment. METHODS:The 1996 General Social Survey provided interview data with a nationally representative sample...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.9.1339
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::My experiences as a mentor of young investigators, along with conversations with a diverse pool of mentees, led me to question the ability of conventional research methods, problem formulation, and instruments to address the unique challenges of studying racial and ethnic minorities. Training of new investigators shou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.135996
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists, biostatisticians, and health physicists frequently serve as expert consultants to lawyers, courts, and administrators. One of the most common errors committed by experts is to equate, without qualification, the attributable fraction estimated from epidemiologic data to the probability of causation req...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.8.1166
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hospital-based survey on shift work, sleep, and accidents was carried out among 635 Massachusetts nurses. In comparison to nurses who worked only day/evening shifts, rotators had more sleep/wake cycle disruption and nodded off more at work. Rotators had twice the odds of nodding off while driving to or from work and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.7.1011
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This work was undertaken to determine whether there are any chronic neurological sequelae to acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. METHODS:California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.731
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relation of household crowding to food insecurity among Inuit families with school-aged children in Arctic Quebec. METHODS:We analyzed data collected between October 2005 and February 2010 from 292 primary caregiver-child dyads from 14 Inuit communities. We collected information about househ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302290
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence across levels of urbanization. METHODS:Using national HIV surveillance data from the year 2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301997
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined longitudinal changes in smoking behavior among older adults in three community cohorts of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Smoking prevalence declined from 15% at baseline to 9% during 6 years of follow-up. Annual smoking cessation and relapse rates were 10% and less th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.9.1268
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the joint impact of states' Medicaid expansion and participation in Medicaid enrollment outreach at the take-up of other means-tested public programs (Women, Infants, and Children [WIC], Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]). METHODS:Data were used from the American Community Survey, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304592
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomly selected sample of physicians in three large cities was asked to read one of four vignettes describing a patient. They then completed a set of objective attitude measures eliciting their reactions to the patient described in the vignette. The vignettes were identical except that the patient's illness was id...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.789
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether characteristics of local health departments (LHD) and their geographic region were associated with using Facebook and Twitter. We also examined the number of tweets per month for Twitter accounts as an indicator of social media use by LHDs. METHODS:In 2012, we searched for Facebook and T...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301166
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse demonstrable health effects linked to the individual's smoking were shown to 2,689 American workers to motivate cessation during routine examinations to detect asbestosis. This intervention was evaluated six to 25 months later by a mailed questionnaire and by telephone to non-responders. Results were compared ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.11.1334
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We measured symptom and influenza prevalence, and the effectiveness of symptom and temperature screening for identifying influenza, in arriving international airline travelers. METHODS:This cross-sectional study collected data from travelers to Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, in winter 2008...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761r
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effects of precursor chemical regulation aimed at reducing cocaine production on cocaine-related maternal and newborn hospital stays in the United States. METHODS:We analyzed monthly counts of maternal and neonatal stays from January 2002 through December 2013 by using a quasi-experimenta...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303708
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the extent to which time spent watching television is associated with obesity and super-obesity among 6,138 employed adult males. After adjustment for age, smoking status, length of work week, measured physical fitness, and reported weekly hours of exercise, people who viewed TV more than three hours/day ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.516
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear weapons pose a particularly destructive threat. Prevention of the proliferation and use of nuclear weapons is urgently important to public health. "Horizontal" proliferation refers to nation-states or nonstate entities that do not have, but are acquiring, nuclear weapons or developing the capability and materi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.100602
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selected mental health and social characteristics of 51 homeless persons drawn as a probability sample from missions are compared to those of 1,338 men aged 18-64 years living in households from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey conducted in Eastern Baltimore. Differences between the two groups were small w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.5.519
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the risks of brain cancer in relation to employment history in a case-control study of 312 cases and 1,248 cancer controls. Subjects were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry for the period 1984 through 1988. Job classification was based on data routinely abstracted from hospital records. Eleva...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.2.169
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As successes mount in reducing commercial tobacco use, an alarming disparity has taken shape in Minnesota. Recent studies revealed that overall smoking rates have dropped to 14%, whereas American Indians' rates remain higher than 50%. With support from ClearWay Minnesota, the organization created from the state's toba...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303125
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00