Abstract：
:Breastfeeding has experienced a surge in Puerto Rico thanks to the efforts of many women, as well as governmental, non-governmental and private organizations. Among the aspects which can affect the initiation, establishment and maintenance of successful breastfeeding one finds potential ethical conflicts among health professionals as well as the financial interests of the companies which produce and market artificial milks. These companies dedicate great marketing efforts and enormous sums of money in the sale of their products, in detriment of breastfeeding. The profit motive of these companies is in open contradiction to public health and to breastfeeding promotion. The international community has carried out efforts for more than two decades in the creation of structures which protect the rights of women and their children to ideal nutrition practices, free from commercial pressures, through breastfeeding. Possible ethical conflicts related to the new industry of breastfeeding paraphernalia are discussed, especially when these are marketed exclusively for profit. Recommendations are presented for health professionals in order for them to be able to face and respond to the unethical strategies practiced by the manufacturers of artificial milks in utilizing these professionals for legitimating and marketing their products.
journal_name
P R Health Sci Jjournal_title
Puerto Rico health sciences journalauthors
Parrilla Rodríguez AM,Gorrín Peralta JJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-06-01 00:00:00pages
145-51issue
2eissn
0738-0658issn
2373-6011journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The identification of Streptococcus mutans from dental plaque samples with rapid systems, such as the RapID STR System, has not been recommended by the manufacturers. In this study, we evaluated the use of the above method for the identification of 34 human dental plaque Streptococcus mutans strains which had been ide...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children. Currently, no data are available on dental caries prevalence in the Dominican Republic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental caries in schoolattending 12-year-olds in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study intends to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections by A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in a tertiary care teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in San Juan, PR, estimate the mortality rate and compare the morbidity and mortality differences among those tr...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerosis is the most frequent cause of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disorders. The condition is the leading cause of death in Western societies. At the core of this condition is the atherosclerotic plaque. It is within the structure of this lesion that multiple biochemical and cellular processes i...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and its association with HIV and other health risk factors among drug users. A sample of 716 IDUs and crack users were enrolled from community sites. Consenting subjects were tested for HIV serum antibody status. Drug users with an unk...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) alone, high dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) alone and the combination of IVIG and HDMP in the treatment of childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). BACKGROUND:Acute ITP in children is a self-limited disease with a benign course and low ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human physiology depends on countless biochemical reactions, numerous of which are co-dependent and interrelated. The speed and level of completion of reactions usually depend on the availability of precursors and enzymes. The enzymatic activity depends on the bioavailability of micronutrient cofactors such as vitamin...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)] in Puerto Rico has increased significantly in recent years. Experience with these diseases outside of a referral center is limited. A registry for IBD, created by the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Center for...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The present study was performed to detect cancer risk of the midwifes and nurses playing central role in raising awareness in the society using Gail's model. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sample of the present cross sectional study consists of 750 volunteer midwifes and nurses in 2016. Breast cancer risk was calcula...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The AIDS pandemic had a significant impact in Puerto Rico, especially among the heterosexual populations, in particular women. Women are one of the fastest growing risk groups with HIV/AIDS in the USA and constitute about half of the AIDS cases in the world. During the past 10 years Puerto Rico has ranked among the to...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patterns of stress-responsiveness were studied in 19 adolescent male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) who are part of the free-ranging colony on Cayo Santiago, PR. Morphometric and blood samples were obtained as each male was captured and after holding overnight. Subject heart rate was recorded on Day 2, using surface ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the variations in central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure measurements according to race, gender, and age. METHODS:A non-concurrent prospective study of 372 (744 eyes) glaucoma patients was conducted. Central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasound pachymeter and intraocular pres...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship of the symptoms of diarrhea and fatigue by testing a model that included multiple dimensions of the cancer related-symptom experience. METHODS:A secondary data analysis was conducted on data from the self-reports of 102 cancer patients co experiencing diarrhea and fatigue during t...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults. It is a significant public health problem in the United States where it affects 2.2 million Americans and almost 10% of the population older than 80 years. It should be emphasized that the prevalence of AF increases with advancing age and with...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aspiration of foreign bodies is more common in children than adults. The clinical and radiological findings between these two age groups are different. It is a clinical diagnosis often overlooked in adults. We hereby present an elderly male patient who was referred to us due to a one year history of hemoptysis. He was...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoKPP) is a clinical entity characterized by recurrent skeletal muscle paralysis due to a decrease in serum potassium levels; hypoKPP can have either a primary (familial) or a secondary cause. One of the secondary causes of hypoKPP is distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Distal renal...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formal training in public health in Puerto Rico began in 1940 when a degree-granting Division of Public Health was established within the existing School of Tropical Medicine. The division was sponsored by five institutions--the Puerto Rico Department of Health, the U.S. Public Health Service, the Children's Bureau, t...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat gene 33 (g33) mRNA has a widespread tissue distribution. Insulin and various agents such as glucocorticoids, phorbol esters and plant lectins regulate G33 expression in rat hepatoma cells. The regulation of g33 by insulin and a phorbol ester was examined in two Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, CHO-T cells (...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymidine kinase is a key enzyme responsible for the activation of several anticancer and antiviral drugs. As the first enzyme in the salvage pathway of thymidine, it is regulated by the feedback inhibition exerted by the end-product of the pathway, namely thymidine 5'-triphosphate. 5'-Aminothymidine is a non-toxic an...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a constant increase in the incidence of dengue in the Americas over the past 15 years. This has been caused by increased frequency of epidemic activity in most countries, as a result of increased numbers of virus serotypes circulating in the region. The change in disease ecology has resulted in the emer...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections world-wide. Over the last two decades, research has established a strong causal link between specific types of HPV infection and cancer, particularly cervical, anal, vulvar/vaginal, penile, and oropharyng...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association of Hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty with general survival time and breast cancer survival time was examined for a total of 14,896 breast cancer patients (14,035 White and 861 Hispanic) included in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (NCI SEER) program in New Mexic...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Plant materials represent promising sources of anti-cancer agents. We developed and tested a novel extract from the ubiquitous plant Convolvulus arvensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Convolvulus arvensis components were extracted in boiling water, and small molecules were removed by high-pressure filtration. The ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Suicidal behavior among adolescents is not a well-explored public health problem. Health policy decision-making on suicidal behavior needs reliable information on the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and its associated risk factors to produce health promotion and prevention programs. METHODS:The Global ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The type of glass used to fabricate patch pipettes influences the kinetic properties of single-channel currents activated by acetylcholine in Xenopus myocytes. In patches formed with hard glass pipettes, the opening rate decreased in a time-dependent manner. Such decrease was most pronounced for the low conductance ch...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A preliminary investigation to test the efficacy of intravenous propranolol in reducing the cesarean section rate in nulliparas in active labor and evaluate its effect on neonatal and maternal outcomes. METHODS:Fifty seven nulliparous patients admitted in active labor were randomly divided into two groups: a...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested a dietary supplement formulated with a synergistic combination of vitamins, minerals, herbals in a group of 15 patients with uncontrolled diabetes type II. The supplement was given for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose was measured prior to the supplementation and at the end of the 30 days treatment period. Blo...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of active Ca channels was studied in progenitors of chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. These were isolated using neuron and glia specific antibodies which killed differentiated cells. The low voltage activated, completely inactivating (LVA) Ca channel was found to be expressed first amongst channe...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to lead in children living on a former landfill in Vega Baja-Puerto Rico, a United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) designated Superfund Site, is a major health concern. Direct contact with lead-contaminated soil is considered a major exposure source. However, there is a lack of information rega...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the kidney and is among the tumors that are the most resistant to systemic therapy. Until recently, long term survival of this disease when it was not confined to the kidney was dismal, with the use of drugs such as interleukin-2 resulting in a 5-year survival rate of ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
