Abstract:
:A number of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drugs may produce fluid and electrolyte disturbances or nephrotoxic reactions extending across the clinical spectrum, from subclinical renal dysfunction to progressive chronic renal insufficiency to severe acute failure. Although some of the drugs that are highly nephrotoxic are now seldom used, others are tremendously useful in modern clinical oncology. Some newer antineoplastic therapies such as interleukin-2 and bone marrow transplantation are commonly associated with nephrotoxicity. Although our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these toxic reactions is still rather rudimentary, information derived from animal models, coupled with clinical experience, has in many circumstances generated clinical interventions that can successfully limit treatment-related renal injury.
journal_name
Semin Nephroljournal_title
Seminars in nephrologyauthors
Berns JS,Ford PAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
54-66issue
1eissn
0270-9295issn
1558-4488journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Acid-base balance is critical for normal life. Acute and chronic disturbances impact cellular energy metabolism, endocrine signaling, ion channel activity, neuronal activity, and cardiovascular functions such as cardiac contractility and vascular blood flow. Maintenance and adaptation of acid-base homeostasis are most...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.04.004
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diuretics commonly are administered in disorders of sodium balance. Loop diuretics inhibit the Na-K-2Cl transporter and also increase calcium excretion. They are often used in the treatment of hypercalcemia. Thiazide diuretics block the thiazide-sensitive NaCl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, and can decre...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.09.008
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hotspots of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) have been identified throughout the globe, of which the Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America is the most conspicuous example. It affects mainly agricultural workers, heat exposure during extenuating shifts leading to sudden dehydration and subsequent...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.02.008
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure is a critically important aspect to consider in the study and management of drug-induced kidney injury. Although blood concentrations of kidney toxicants often may provide a valid surrogate measure of kidney exposure, the kidney has several unique physiological and biochemical properties that lend themselves ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.006
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human nuclear genome consists of approximately 3 billion nucleotides. Human beings are 99% similar in DNA sequence to each other, but natural genetic variation in approximately 1% of the DNA sequence is responsible for interindividual differences, including determining who will develop disease and who will remain ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.01.003
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stephen Hales was the first to measure blood pressure directly in the horse (1733), and the definitive studies on human nephrins by Richard Bright followed much later (1836). The relation between high blood pressure and renal disease was established by Mahomed (1872). The discovery of renin and its possible link with ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red cell production in chronic kidney disease is usually too low to maintain a normal haemoglobin, and thus anaemia develops in a large proportion of patients. The ability to stimulate erythropoiesis in the bone marrow by the use of therapeutic agents has only been possible in the last 20 years, initially with recombi...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.05.008
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An expanding proportion of people in the United States and worldwide are affected by kidney disease, leading to a growing concern over the public health implications. Despite the high prevalence and the considerable associated health risks of kidney disease, major gaps in our knowledge base hinder the delivery of opti...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.06.002
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mineralocorticoid hypertension is hypertension associated with the presence of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and suppression of plasma renin. Mineralocorticoid hypertension represents only 10% of patients with essential hypertension. However, its recognition is important because it is a potentially reversible caus...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.10.004
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic nephropathies cause acute and chronic renal failure, primarily as a result of injury to renal tubular epithelium. There is a well-known capacity in the renal nephron for the synchronous occurrence of both apoptosis and necrosis in toxic nephropathies. This has engendered interest in the differing or complementar...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00085-8
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effectiveness of antihypertensive agents is assessed not only by systemic blood pressure levels, but by multiple parameters that reflect specific organ functions. Among antihypertensive agents, those which inhibit angiotensin actions show particular efficacy in ameliorating end organ damage. This efficacy likely refle...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patients is associated with a significant reduction in food intake. Approximately one third of chronic dialysis patients complain of a fair or poor appetite and this is related directly to poor patient outcomes. Appetite regulation involve...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.10.003
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overweight and obesity are associated with arterial hypertension. Given the large increase in the obesity prevalence worldwide, the number of obese patients with hypertension is likely to increase substantially in the near future. Overweight and obese patients are exposed to an important metabolic and cardiovascular r...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.07.009
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, initially was used as a diuretic but was accompanied by a significant amount of side effects that necessitated the withdrawal of the drug in a relevant number of patients. The discovery of the many receptor-mediated actions of aldosterone in several different organs great...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.04.005
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, idiopathic hypercalciuria is associated with stone formation. To study the mechanisms that are responsible for the excess urine calcium excretion in ways that are difficult to impossible in humans, we have developed a rat model of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Hypercalciuric rats were successively inbred for m...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) often causes peritoneal fibrosis and sclerosis with a loss of function, and some CAPD patients develop sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids readily produce glucose degradation products by heat sterilization, and glucos...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.027
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine, play a central role in the regulation of sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Dopamine inhibits tubular Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and increases sodium excretion. Norepinephrine stimulates Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and decreases urinary sodium excretion. The signaling p...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in patients on maintenance hemodialysis have disclosed a high prevalence of sleeping disorders, which have been linked to various factors including blood urea levels, creatinine levels, parathyroid hormone levels, anemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, quality of life, disease intrusiveness, and comorb...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.06.014
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Besides loss of life and property, natural disasters result in a number of renal challenges, either by the creation of rhabdomyolysis and crush-induced acute kidney injury or by the destruction of existing dialysis facilities, leaving chronic dialysis patients and kidney transplanted patients without access to their r...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.06.007
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking (CS) has been associated with augmented progression of nephropathies responsible for the 4 major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. CS has well-described ways by which it causes tissue injury in other organ systems and the mechanisms by which it adversely affects nephropat...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00037-8
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor increases progressively with aging, but diastolic blood pressure plateaus at age 50, which leads to a rise in pulse pressure in the elderly. Thus, isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure is the most common type of hypertension seen in ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite intensive research over the past three decades, the events leading to pathogenic autoantibody production and immune deposit formation in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus continues to be debated. The controversy is fueled by the clinical observations that individual patients with lupus have variabl...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of conditions can contribute to the development of the anemia that inevitably occurs with end-stage renal disease. The primary ones are decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO), decreased response to EPO by the bone marrow, and shortened red cell survival. Dialysis improves hematocrit levels by reducing p...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Genome Project is rapidly producing insights into the molecular basis of human genetic disorders. The most immediate clinical benefit is the advent of new diagnostic methods. Molecular diagnostic tools are available for several genetic renal disorders and are in development for many more. Two general approac...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of adiposity should include measurements of both body mass index and waist circumference. The prevalence of obesity, based on a body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or greater, has increased substantially over the past 2 decades in Western societies. Obesity remains the number one preventable risk factor for chron...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.12.006
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The important role of hyperglycemia in the genesis of diabetic renal disease has been strengthened by tissue culture studies, experimental animal models, and clinical trials. A mechanistic understanding of the cellular and biochemical processes that link hyperglycemia with the development of diabetic nephropathy is in...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review is presented of 164 nephrotic patients who were older than 60 years at the onset of their nephrotic syndrome, together with a review of more than 1,000 patients from the literature. The nephrotic syndrome in elderly patients is as common as in younger adults, but is often misdiagnosed as "heart failure" by pr...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intravascular volume consists of 40% to 45% red cells. Their production is controlled predominantly by erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that is secreted particularly when tissue hypoxia is present. Because of this high percentage of the total intravascular volume the question comes to mind that, in addition to hypo...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.05.007
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small lipids such as eicosanoids exert diverse and complex functions. In addition to their role in regulating normal kidney function, these lipids also play important roles in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Increased glomerular cyclooxygenase (COX)1 or COX2 expression has been reported in patients with nephritis...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.02.008
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Care of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has changed during the past 30 years. Tools to control hyperglycemia have improved and it was shown that improvement in glycemic control diminished the risk of late diabetic complications, including nephropathy. Moreover, in patients with impaired renal function, aggressive ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.07.002
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00