Abstract:
:To establish whether the low cysteine and glutathione levels in HIV-infected patients and SIV-infected rhesus macaques may be consequences of an abnormal cysteine catabolism, we analyzed sulfate and glutathione levels in macaques. Muscle tissue (m. vastus lateralis and m. gastrocnemius) of SIV-infected macaques (n = 25) had higher sulfate and lower glutathione and glutamate levels than that of uninfected controls (n =9). Hepatic tissue, in contrast, showed decreased sulfate and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels, and increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity. These findings suggest drainage of the cysteine pool by increased cysteine catabolism in skeletal muscle tissue, and by increased hepatic glutathione biosynthesis. Cachectic macaques also showed increased urea levels and decreased glutamine/urea ratios in the liver, which are obviously related to the abnormal urea excretion and negative nitrogen balance commonly observed in cachexia. As urea production and net glutamine synthesis in the liver are strongly influenced by proton-generating processes, the abnormal hepatic urea production may be the direct consequence of the cysteine deficiency and the decreased catabolic conversion of cysteine into sulfate and protons in the liver.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Gross A,Hack V,Stahl-Hennig C,Dröge Wdoi
10.1089/aid.1996.12.1639subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-20 00:00:00pages
1639-41issue
17eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Signature pattern analysis identifies particular sites in amino acid or nucleic acid alignments of variable sequences that are distinctly representative of a query set of sequences relative to a background set. We explore the merits of using signature patterns for analysis of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.1549
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology among young people (18 to 25 years old) in Hangzhou. Plasma samples from 262 newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients were collected between 2009 and 2013 from Hangzhou of Zhejiang province. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences of pol gene regions were amplified using a nested poly...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2016.0117
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in neutralizing antibody (NA) titers in stored sera collected over 5 years from 10 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were evaluated. The participants were HIV-1 infected on enrollment in the MACS, and remained AIDS free during the 5-year study interval. Seven viruses derived from molecul...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/aid.1998.14.939
更新日期:1998-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::The human endogenous retrovirus, type K (HERV-K) represents the most biologically active form of known retroelements present in the human genome. Several HERV-K genomes have transcriptionally active open reading frames and encode their own protease (PR). The HERV-K PR has been shown to authentically cleave human immun...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922200750054701
更新日期:2000-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Here we report the construction, sequencing, and biological characterization of a molecular clone of HIV-1(92UG001), a virus representative of subtype D strains circulating in Uganda. The virus produced by the clone has an aggressive syncytium-inducing phenotype, which matches that of the parental virus. This phenotyp...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922202753394754
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were obtained by coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from HIV-1-infected people with PBLs from uninfected donors. These viral stocks tend to be resistant to neutralization/inactivation by soluble CD4 (sCD4). When these stocks were passed thro...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1995.11.335
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The membrane glycolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer) and sulfatide (SGalCer) have been reported to act as receptors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on CD4- cell lines. We show here that these glycolipids are present on CD4+ cells purified from human blood and on in vitro-differentiated monocyte-derived macrophag...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.695
更新日期:1996-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) levels in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men at risk for infection in the United States. Stored samples collected between 1999 and 2008 were tested for vitamin D metabolites between 2014 and 2015. Vit...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/AID.2016.0144
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) variant SIVsmmPBj14 is unique in producing an acutely lethal enteropathic syndrome in pigtail macaques. To determine whether the nature of the PBj14 disease would be attenuated by decreasing virus input and to relate tissue virus burden to the severity of disease, we infected pigtai...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922299311600
更新日期:1999-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::During a 6-month period, we studied the diversity of HIV-1 subtypes in 392 adult patients seen in Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, northern Paris, France. All the samples were serotyped and a subset was genotyped by means of HMA. Serotyping was performed with a new peptide subtype-specific EIA (SSEIA), based on in vitr...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1427
更新日期:1996-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of early cases of HIV in Russia were among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite this and the current resurgence of HIV among MSM globally, little systematic work has been done to assess current HIV risks. We conducted a rapid assessment of HIV and associated risk behaviors among MSM in Russia. An anon...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0264
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immune activation, which is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, is a strong predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Inflammation is critical in neuronal damage linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. METHODS:We examined the relationship between plasma cytokine l...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2020.0203
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::SIVsmmFGb is a lentivirus swarm that induces neuropathology in over 90% of infected pigtailed macaques and reliably models central nervous system HIV infection in people. We have previously studied SIVsmmFGb genetic diversity and compartmentalization during acute infection, but little is understood about diversity and...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0168
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that the cell line 6D5(451) chronically infected with the HIV-1 isolate HTLV-III(451), secretes the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 in the extracellular medium. The HTLV-III(451) gp120 and gp160 were purified by sequential affinity chromatographic steps using a monoclonal antibody...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.371
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a frequent comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Alcohol consumption is a significant predictor of nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as worsening immunological and virological indicators among PLWHA. Clinical studies indicate that higher viral loads in...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0195
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators of the immune response against HIV and yet blood DC numbers fall substantially during HIV infection. Here we report that blood levels of the DC-tissue tropic chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-3α/CCL20), and MIP-3β/C...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0261
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model system was established for studies of humoral and cellular immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens after vaccination. Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were immunized with purified HIV, an infected cell extract rich in gp120 or polypeptides of cloned genes representing parts of p24, gp41, and gp12...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1988.4.199
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional estimation of HIV incidence could misclassify some established or chronic HIV infections as recent. Usually long-term nonprogressors, elite and viremic controllers, and individuals on ART contribute to misclassification. Local data on the false recent rate (FRR) could minimize misclassification during ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2016.0127
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Rev protein and its cognate sequence the Rev response element (RRE) are essential for virus replication. Thus, the inhibition of either Rev or RRE function can significantly inhibit FIV replication. In the present study, we constructed a ribozyme that targets the RRE sequence an...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1997.13.1333
更新日期:1997-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Current methods to detect intraclade HIV dual infection are poorly suited for determining its prevalence in large cohorts. To investigate the potential of ultra-deep sequencing to screen for dual infection, we compared it to bulk sequence-based synonymous mixture index and the current standard of single genome sequenc...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0042
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elite controllers or suppressors (ES) are HIV-1-infected patients who maintain viral loads of <50 copies/ml without antiretroviral therapy. While HLA-B*57 and B*5801 alleles are overrepresented in ES, many HLA-B*57/B*5801 patients become chronic progressors (CP). We show here that HIV-1 infection results in similar le...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0144
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 subtype C is the prevalent subtype in South Africa, with non-C subtypes being sporadically detected. The accessory genes of subtype C have not been well studied in South Africa. In this study the HIV-1 vpr region of 58 strains was amplified, sequenced, and subtyped. Phylogenetic analysis characterized 54 strains...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0251
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in emergence of HIV resistance between subtypes B and C in vitro and potential implications on tenofovir alafenamide efficacy in vivo were evaluated. Dose escalation resistance selections showed K65R emerging earlier for subtype C viruses in vitro, as previously reported. Viral breakthrough experiments at ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0248
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The derivation of ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized subclones from the CEM T-cell line has been described. These clones expressed CD4 and bound soluble gp120, however, two of the generated clones were markedly reduced in their ability to form syncytia after infection with either gp160-vaccinia vector or cell-fr...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.1139
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial impairment is reported in HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as those naive to ART. Whether mitochondrial function recovers with early initiation of ART and sustained viral suppression on long-term ART is unclear. In this study, we evaluate mitochondrial markers in well...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2018.0182
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, complex HIV-1 recombinations among the B', C, and CRF01_AE genotypes have frequently arisen in Yunnan, China. A novel HIV-1 complex circulating recombinant form (CRF) consisting of B', C, and CRF01_AE (CRF96_cpx) was recently characterized from three epidemiologically unlinked individuals. Two strains of th...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0288
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on HIV-1 replication has been established, the mechanisms involved in restoration of immune responses and reconstitution remain unknown. This study provides evidence of changes in expression of type 1 and type 2 cytokine-specific mRNA occurring during...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922299309784
更新日期:1999-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::An aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae) inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1-RT). The inhibitor against HIV-1-RT in this plant was purified by combination of three column chromatographies, Sephadex LH-20, cellulose, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chroma...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.1937
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed an HTLV epidemiological study of 986 individuals from 17 villages from the same state of Salvador, the city with the highest HTLV-1 prevalence in Brazil. The HTLV-1 prevalence was 3.85%, 1.56%, and 1.23% in three villages. Phylogenetic analysis of the LTR region demonstrated that all positive samples anal...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0290
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate mutations and correlates according to HIV-1 subtype after virological failure (VF) of standard first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) (non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] +2 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [N(t)RTI]). SECOND-LINE study participants we...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0331
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00