Differential display analysis of gene expression altered by ras oncogene.

abstract：:Human solid tumors are invariably less well-oxygenated than the normal tissues from which they arose. This so-called tumor hypoxia leads to resistance to radiotherapy and anticancer chemotherapy as well as predisposing for increased tumor metastases. In this chapter, we examine the resistance of tumors to radiotherapy...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brown JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 19 years, we have developed a novel myxoma virus-derived anti-inflammatory serine protease inhibitor, termed a serpin, as a new class of immunomodulatory therapeutic. This review will describe the initial identification of viral serpins with anti-inflammatory potential, beginning with preclinical analysi...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chen H,Zheng D,Davids J,Bartee MY,Dai E,Liu L,Petrov L,Macaulay C,Thoburn R,Sobel E,Moyer R,McFadden G,Lucas A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signal transduction by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) through their cognate VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases follows the consensus scheme for receptor tyrosine kinases. Thus, binding of ligand induces receptor dimerization and activation of the tyrosine kinase through transphosphorylation between receptor m...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Li X,Claesson-Welsh L,Shibuya M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranslational modification of circadian clock proteins by phosphorylation is an essential regulatory process in the control of eukaryotic circadian clocks. In the Neurospora circadian clock, the key clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ) is progressively phosphorylated. The phosphorylation of FRQ is regulated by both kinas...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Liu Y

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For mRNAs encoding secretory and integral membrane proteins, translation initiation is thought to begin a process of mRNA localization where mRNA/ribosome/nascent chain complexes (RNCs) are trafficked from the cytosol compartment to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the ER membrane, RNCs bind to a protein-conducting ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Stephens SB,Nicchitta CV

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin plays a vital role in regulating cellular processes that occur on the DNA. Modulation of chromatin structure is conducted through interactions with binding factors that direct critical actions such as posttranslational modifications, nucleosome remodeling, and incorporation of histone variants. Specific fact...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Winkler DD,Luger K,Hieb AR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone acetylation is a dynamic epigenetic modification that functions in the regulation of DNA-templated reactions, such as transcription. This lysine modification is reversibly controlled by histone (lysine) acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Here, we present methods employing isotopic labeling and mass spectrome...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Fan J,Baeza J,Denu JM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystallographic studies on flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) have revealed that the common sequence core ( approximately 400 residues) that defines this protein family comprises two structural domains. The N-terminal domain (of approximately 250 residues) displays a metallo-beta-lactamase-like-fold, being indeed structural...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Vicente JB,Carrondo MA,Teixeira M,Frazão C

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbohydrate microarrays are becoming a standard tool for glycobiologists to screen large numbers of sugars and elucidate the role of carbohydrates in biological systems. This article describes detailed methods to prepare and use microarrays containing synthetic oligosaccharides as well as a summary of the biological ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： de Paz JL,Horlacher T,Seeberger PH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ras-regulatory network is a loosely defined composition of numerous Ras family members and effector pathways that couple to critical cell-regulatory processes. Investigators are increasingly turning to RNAi-mediated inhibition of gene expression as an effective tool to help generate authentic portraits of Ras prot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Whitehurst AW,White MA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to efficiently modulate autophagy activity is paramount in the study of the field. Conventional broad-range autophagy inhibitors and genetic manipulation using RNA interference (RNAi), although widely used in autophagy research, are often limited in specificity or efficacy. In this chapter, we address the ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： O'Prey J,Sakamaki J,Baudot AD,New M,Van Acker T,Tooze SA,Long JS,Ryan KM

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have described procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing kinetic data obtained by photobleaching microscopy of GFP-tagged chromatin proteins in nuclei of cultured living cells. These procedures are useful for characterizing the in vivo binding of chromatin proteins to their natural template--unperturbed,...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Phair RD,Gorski SA,Misteli T

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most widely employed methods in metagenomics is the amplification and sequencing of the highly conserved ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from organisms in complex microbial communities. rRNA surveys, typically using the 16S rRNA gene for prokaryotic identification, provide information about the total diversity a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Preheim SP,Perrotta AR,Friedman J,Smilie C,Brito I,Smith MB,Alm E

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular signaling and regulatory cascades often rely on post-translational modification of proteins, particularly phosphorylation, to quickly and effectively relay signals from a variety of inputs. Numerous kinases, the effectors of phosphorylation, and kinase networks have been implicated in human diseases. Until re...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mohler K,Rinehart J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have primarily been associated with influencing transcription through chromatin remodeling, the capacity of these enzymes to interface with a diverse array of biologic processes by modulating a growing list of nonhistone substrates has gained recent attention. Rece...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kahali S,Sarcar B,Chinnaiyan P

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple lipid and protein components of the plasma membrane of a living cell are organized, both compositionally and functionally, at different spatial and temporal scales. For instance, Rab protein domains in membranes the clathrin-coated pit, or the immunological synapse are exquisite examples of functional compart...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ghosh S,Saha S,Goswami D,Bilgrami S,Mayor S

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of specific degradation of transcripts with a premature stop codon. NMD eliminates aberrant mRNAs arising from mutations, alternative splicing, and other events in cells. In addition, many normal transcripts undergo NMD. Recent studies demonst...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gurskaya NG,Pereverzev AP,Staroverov DB,Markina NM,Lukyanov KA

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical imaging of reporter molecules such as firefly luciferase has become a popular method of tracking and visualizing cells in living animals. Many biological processes involve ubiquitin ligases, which target specific proteins for destruction under specific sets of conditions. Importantly, the motifs recognized by ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Zhang GJ,Kaelin WG Jr

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superoxide dismutases (SODs; EC 1.15.1.1) are a group of metalloenzymes which are essential to protect cells under aerobic conditions. In biological systems, it has been reported that SODs and other proteins are susceptible to be attacked by peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) which can be originated from the reaction of nitric o...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Larrainzar E,Urarte E,Auzmendi I,Ariz I,Arrese-Igor C,González EM,Moran JF

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides are multidentate chiral ligands capable of coordinating different metal ions. Nowadays, they can be obtained with high yield and purity, thanks to the advances on peptide/protein chemistry as well as in equipment (peptide synthesizers). Based on the identity and length of their amino acid sequences, peptides ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lima LM,Iranzo O

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogen-host interactions are mediated in part by secreted microbial proteins capable of exploiting host cells for their survival. Several of these manipulations involve, but are not limited to, suppression of defense responses, alterations in host vesicular trafficking, and manipulation of gene expression. The deliv...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clark HR,Hayes TA,Kale SD

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two factors, climate change brought on by rising atmospheric CO2 levels and the accelerating shift toward renewable energy sources, have together worked to heighten interest in understanding how biological catalysts so effectively bring about the reduction of CO2 to formate, with potential applications for both biorem...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Niks D,Hille R

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work demonstrates that RNA interference (RNAi) can coordinate protein expression. Inhibitory RNAs are expressed naturally in cells as microRNAs (miRNAs) or introduced into cells as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Both types of small RNAs can be used at the bench to silence mRNA expression. For many researchers...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Davidson BL,Harper SQ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Duffy blood group antigen is a serpentine protein with seven transmembrane domains that is not coupled to G-proteins or other known intracellular effectors. In addition to erythrocytes, it is also expressed in endothelial cells and neurons. In recent years the Duffy antigen has received much attention because of i...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rot A,Horuk R

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Making error-free, custom DNA assemblies from potentially faulty building blocks is a fundamental challenge in synthetic biology. Here, we show how recursion can be used to address this challenge using a recursive procedure that constructs error-free DNA molecules and their libraries from error-prone synthetic oligonu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yehezkel TB,Linshiz G,Kaplan S,Gronau I,Ravid S,Adar R,Shapiro E

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-cell analysis of cellular contents by highly sensitive analytical instruments is known as chemical cytometry. A chemical cytometer typically samples one cell at a time, quantifies the cellular contents of interest, and then processes and reports that data. Automation adds the potential to perform this entire se...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Abraham DH,Anttila MM,Gallion LA,Petersen BV,Proctor A,Allbritton NL

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository at the National Center for Biotechnology Information archives and freely distributes high-throughput molecular abundance data, predominantly gene expression data generated by DNA microarray technology. The database has a flexible design that can handle diverse styles of bot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barrett T,Edgar R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A genetic interaction occurs when the combination of two mutations leads to an unexpected phenotype. Screens for synthetic genetic interactions have been used extensively to identify genes whose products are functionally related. In particular, synthetic lethal genetic interactions often identify genes that buffer one...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Baryshnikova A,Costanzo M,Dixon S,Vizeacoumar FJ,Myers CL,Andrews B,Boone C

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neutral arachidonic acid derivatives N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide or AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) have been identified as endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Additionally, these compounds have been identified as substrates of the second isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kingsley PJ,Marnett LJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The existence of an accurate force field (FF) model that reproduces the free-energy landscape is a key prerequisite for the simulation of biomineralization. Here, the stages in the development of such a model are discussed including the quality of the water model, the thermodynamics of polymorphism, and the free energ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Raiteri P,Demichelis R,Gale JD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00