Tolerance to the effects of cocaine on performance under behavior-correlated reinforcement magnitude.

abstract：:Three experiments examined the influence of a brief stimulus (a light) on the behavior of food-deprived rats whose lever pressing on tandem schedules comprising components of different schedule types resulted in food presentation. In Experiment 1, either a tandem variable-ratio variable-interval or a tandem variable-i...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Reed P

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In two experiments, key pecking of pigeons was maintained by a variable-interval 180-s schedule of food presentation. Conjointly, a second schedule delivered response-dependent electric shock. In the first experiment, shocks were presented according to either a variable-interval or a nondifferential interval-percentil...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Arbuckle JL,Lattal KA

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To learn whether prior discrimination training based on one stimulus would block learning about a subsequently added stimulus, rats were first trained to press a bar on a variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. Occasional stimuli were presented during which no reinforcement was available. Responding became s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Seraganian P,Vom Saal W

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, keylight was paired with inaccessible grain delivery (under two conditions of keylight intensity) to determine if autoshaping would occur in the absence of primary reinforcement. In Experiment II, the procedure was repeated with accessible grain, for comparison. In Experiment III, the procedures were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zentall TR,Hogan DE

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six male Wistar rats were exposed to concurrent variable-interval schedules of wheel-running reinforcement. The reinforcer associated with each alternative was the opportunity to run for 15 s, and the duration of the changeover delay was 1 s. Results suggested that time allocation was more sensitive to relative reinfo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Belke TW,Belliveau J

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons' responses in the presence of two concurrently available (initial-link) stimuli produced one of two different (terminal-link) stimuli according to identical but independent variable-interval schedules. Responses in the presence of each terminal-link stimulus produced equal frequencies of food reinforcement, bu...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fantino E

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An interresponse time analysis was used to study the effects of variable-ratio punishment schedules on the temporal pattern of reinforced responding. Twelve pigeons responded on a baseline variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. A variable-ratio ten schedule of electric shock punishment was then introduced. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lande SD

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In behavior analysis, research on stimulus equivalence has been an area of high activity for more than 45 years. Murray Sidman's contribution was crucial in the development of this field, and, thus, it seems informative to highlight the experiments that were necessary in the development of the descriptive model of equ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Arntzen E,Saetherbakken PS

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of discriminative stimuli on choice in a highly variable environment using a procedure in which multiple two-key concurrent VI VI components changed every 10 reinforcers and were signaled by differential flashes of red and yellow keylights. Across conditions, five pigeons were exposed to a ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Krägeloh CU,Elliffe DM,Davison M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments examined the effect of food availability on pigeons' choice behavior under concurrent schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, 3 pigeons earned their daily food ration by choosing, in 30-min sessions, between concurrent variable-ratio 30 variable-interval 40-s schedules. Food presentations during...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shurtleff D,Silberberg A

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squirrel monkeys were provided with a chain-pulling response which produced an inanimate object that could be attacked. In the absence of pain-shock, little or no chain-pulling occurred. When pain-shocks were delivered, chain-pulling responses increased. The chain-pulling response was successively reinforced, extingui...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： AZRIN NH,HUTCHINSON RR,MCLAUGHLIN R

更新日期：1965-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight pigeons pressed treadles for food reinforcers delivered by several multiple variable-interval schedules. The rate of reinforcement for responding during one component schedule was held constant at 30 reinforcers per hour. The rate of reinforcement for responding during the other component varied from 0 to 120 or...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McSweeney FK

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the attention given John B. Watson during the century since he introduced behaviorism, there remain questions about what he really contributed. He is still appropriately criticized for his arrogant self-promotion and especially for his perceived emphasis on a simple S-R reflexology. However, we argue that the ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Malone JC,García-Penagos A

更新日期：2014-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-three pigeons were subjected to a series of procedures in which the key-peck's effects ranged from immediate, differential food reinforcement, through delayed reinforcement, the production of stimulus changes with and without probable secondary reinforcement, the prevention of food presentation ("food-avoidance...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herrnstein RJ,Loveland DH

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Children who have status epilepticus have continuous or rapidly repeating seizures that may be life-threatening and may cause life-long changes in brain and behavior. The extent to which status epilepticus causes deficits in auditory discrimination is unknown. A naturalistic auditory location discrimination method was...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Neill JC,Liu Z,Mikati M,Holmes GL

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A procedure is described for establishing an operant response in goats. The operanda are two lucite panels which can be transilluminated. The goats press the panels with their muzzles and are reinforced with whole oats. All six subjects showed reliable and accurate performance in brightness discrimination, including c...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： WENZEL BM,BALDWIN BA,TSCHIRGI RD

更新日期：1964-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An apparatus was developed to study social reinforcement in the rat. Four Long-Evans female rats were trained to press a lever via shaping, with the reinforcer being access to a castrated male rat. Responding under a fixed-ratio schedule and in extinction was also observed. Social access was found to be an effective r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Evans MJ,Duvel A,Funk ML,Lehman B,Sparrow J,Watson NT,Neuringer A

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four pigeons responded under a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Responses were reinforced in one component under a variable-ratio schedule and in the other component under a variable-interval schedule. It was found that when rates of reinforcement were equal in the two components, the rate of response...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zuriff GE

更新日期：1970-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained under a discrete-trials detection procedure in which one of a set of color stimuli was presented on the center key and a single response turned off the stimulus and illuminated two side keys. Single responses to one or the other side key produced occasional reinforcers depending on the value of th...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,McCarthy D

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We identify naming as the basic unit of verbal behavior, describe the conditions under which it is learned, and outline its crucial role in the development of stimulus classes and, hence, of symbolic behavior. Drawing upon B. F. Skinner's functional analysis and the theoretical work of G. H. Mead and L. S. Vygotsky, w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Horne PJ,Lowe CF

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory research has shown that when subjects are given a choice between fixed-ratio and bi-valued mixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement, preference typically emerges for the mixed-ratio schedule even with a larger ratio requirement. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings to children's mat...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mullane MP,Martens BK,Baxter EL,Steeg DV

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons and other animals sometimes deviate from optimal choice behavior when given informative signals for delayed outcomes. For example, when pigeons are given a choice between an alternative that always leads to food after a delay and an alternative that leads to food only half of the time after a delay, preference...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDevitt MA,Dunn RM,Spetch ML,Ludvig EA

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impulsive choice describes preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards. Excessive delay discounting (i.e., rapid devaluation of delayed rewards) underlies some impulsive choices, and is observed in many maladaptive behaviors (e.g., substance abuse, gambling). Interventions designed to reduce dela...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Renee Renda C,Rung JM,Hinnenkamp JE,Lenzini SN,Madden GJ

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rates of responding changed systematically across sessions for rats pressing levers and keys and for pigeons pressing treadles and pecking keys. A bitonic function in which response rates increased and then decreased across sessions was the most common finding, although an increase in responding also occurred alone. T...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McSweeney FK,Hinson JM

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons, previously trained to discriminate different numbers of responses (fixed ratios), were tested under different reinforcement contingencies (payoff matrices) at two levels of sensitivity. For one subject, relative reinforcement magnitude was varied-at first, across sessions and then, at midsession by reve...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hobson SL

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to model hierarchical classification as contextually controlled, generalized relational responding or relational framing. In Experiment 1, a training procedure involving nonarbitrarily related multidimensional stimuli was used to establish two arbitrary shapes as contextual cues for 'memb...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Slattery B,Stewart I

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have demonstrated that presenting independently established discriminative stimuli in compound can substantially increase operant responding maintained by food reinforcement or shock avoidance. Recently, this phenomenon was also shown to occur with cocaine self-administration. The present study fu...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Panlilio LV,Weiss SJ,Schindler CW

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous research has shown that Lewis rats make more impulsive choices than Fischer 344 rats. Such strain-related differences in choice are important as they may provide an avenue for exploring genetic and neurochemical contributions to impulsive choice. The present systematic replication was designed to determine if...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Madden GJ,Smith NG,Brewer AT,Pinkston JW,Johnson PS

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hungry rats received food following lever-press durations exceeding a minimum value, which ranged from 0 to 6.4 sec. When no intertrial intervals separated successive presses, modal press durations remained at very short values as the minimum value required for food was increased. This was particularly true immediatel...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Platt JR,Kuch DO,Bitgood SC

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00