Abstract:
:The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge of ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenesis and its postulated mechanisms. The review comprises an examination of ethanol teratogenesis in the human, including the fetal alcohol syndrome, and in experimental animals. Several current proposed mechanisms of ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenesis are critically assessed, including the role of acetaldehyde as the proximate metabolite of ethanol; fetal hypoxia; placental dysfunction; fetal prostaglandin metabolism; and action of ethanol on developing neurons in the fetal brain, including the hippocampus, one of ethanol's main target sites. The effect of ethanol on the release of L-glutamate, an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, in the fetal hippocampus is described, and the role of L-glutamate in ethanol teratogenesis involving the hippocampus is discussed. A novel mechanism for abnormal neuronal development in the fetal hippocampus produced by prenatal ethanol exposure is presented, and future experiments to test this hypothesis are proposed.
journal_name
Can J Physiol Pharmacoljournal_title
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacologyauthors
Reynolds JD,Brien JFdoi
10.1139/y95-173subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
1209-23issue
9eissn
0008-4212issn
1205-7541journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::When using microelectrodes for intracellular ion activity studies, some uncertainties such as interference from cytosolic components at the microelectrode, cell damage, and cell contamination may arise. A model, which treats kinetic processes of the loss of carriers from the membrane phase of microelectrodes into the ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y87-142
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of haloperidol, an antipsychotic butyrophenone, on excitability and action potential production in frog's sartorius muscle fibers were studied. This drug produced a local-anestheticlike effect which developed slowly over 1 to 5 h with lower concentrations (2.7 to 5.3 X 10(-6 M) but was completely reversed ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y77-066
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated vagal transmission as well as nonneuronal ACh release are considered cardioprotective in pathological situations with increased sympathetic drive such as ischemia-reperfusion and cardiac remodeling. ACh action is terminated by hydrolysis by the cholinesterases (ChEs), acetylcholinesterase,...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/cjpp-2019-0565
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In embryonic chick hearts during development, there are three inward current systems which are involved in the rising phases of the action potentials (APs): fast INa, slow ICa, and tetrodotoxin-insensitive slow INa. To assess reactivation processes for these three types of inward current channels (fast Na+, slow Ca2+,...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y86-019
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The administration of small doses of somatostatin (SRIF) (0.01 and 0.1 microgram) into the neostriatal complex of unrestrained, freely moving rats induced general behavioral excitation associated with a variety of stereotyped movements, tremors, and a reduction of rapid eye movements (REM) and deep slow wave sleep (SW...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y77-034
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of parallels can be drawn between the reported endocrine status of thiouracil-fed young rodents and that of aged animals, particularly with regard to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Since the activity of the adrenal steroidogenic enzyme 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) has been ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y82-012
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of identifying clusters of children's games based on estimated energy expenditures and (or) intensity when performed in a guided active play format. The study also investigated whether the identified active play game clusters were repeatable when the games were perf...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1139/y2012-106
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noradrenaline spillover from skeletal muscle vascular areas increases during exercise but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Muscle contraction itself causes changes in many factors that could affect noradrenaline spillover. For instance, it has been reported that bradykinin is synthesized in skeletal ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic AMP formation from ATP was stimulated by unpurified and partially purified soluble hepatic guanylate cyclase in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) or compounds containing a nitroso moiety such as nitroprusside, N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), nitrosyl ferroheme, and S-nitrosothiols. Cyclic AMP format...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y80-219
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metaiodobenzylguanidine, which is used in the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma, produced 50% inhibition of monoamine oxidase at a concentration of 8 X 10(-6) M in vitro. These results suggest that a careful study of the structure of a new radiodiagnostic agent should be done to anticipate and prepare for po...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y85-031
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the literature there appears to be variability in reported levels of certain hormones during haemorrhage, specifically adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin. It is possible that this variability may be due to the choice of anaesthetic. Therefore, the effect of 3 common research-only anaesthetic agents...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y11-035
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief summary is given of some of the key points of the individual contributions at this International Brain Research Organization satellite meeting, presenting up-to-date, expert knowledge of energy metabolism, ionic turnover, and cell swelling at the cellular level of the mammalian central nervous system. On the b...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1139/y92-250
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to explore the action of angiotensin II (AII) on cardiac contractility and cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation by forskolin and isoproterenol in the hypertrophic myocardium of the salt-sensitive Dahl rat. Inbred Dahl S and Dahl R rats that had been on a diet supplemented with 6% NaCl were stud...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y94-086
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combined effect of a beta 2-antagonist and an alpha 2-agonist on the release of adrenal catecholamines was studied in the anaesthetized and vagotomized dog. The electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve (5-V pulses of 2 ms duration for 3 min at a frequency of 3 Hz) produced a significant rise in adrenal catec...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y88-219
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglial inflammation, involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, exhibits upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine and proinflammatory enzyme expression, leading to inflammation-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. TIR domain containing adaptor molecule-2 (TICAM-2) participates in l...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/cjpp-2019-0699
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pHi regulation from intracellular acidosis in the central nervous system appears to be mediated by mechanisms driven by the large inwardly directed Na+ gradient. The involvement of these mechanisms in pHi regulation of neurones and glial cells has been investigated in the leech central nervous system using ion-sel...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y92-273
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most cardiac diseases are associated with fibrosis. Calcineurin (CaN) is regulated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM). The CaN-NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell) pathway is involved in the process of cardiac diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, but its effect on myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. The present study ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y2012-133
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initially the impetus to develop iron (Fe) chelators for clinical use was based upon the need for a drug to treat Fe-overload diseases such as beta-thalassemia. However, it has become clear that Fe chelators may be useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, including cancer, malaria, and free radica...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::NTPDase is one of the principal enzymes involved in the sequential hydrolysis of ATP. In the present study, the presence and functionality of NTPDase in the mesenteric vein and artery were examined. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (0.01-1000 pmol) induces a dose-dependent vasodilation in the isolated arterial and venous ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y03-043
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A possible implication of endogenously released ATP and (or) ADP in insulin response to glucose stimulation was investigated in the isolated rat pancreas. The first phase of insulin response to the same glucose concentration (8.3 mM) was much higher in pancreas previously perfused in the absence of glucose than in pan...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y93-086
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of modulators of Ca-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity on placental calcium and phosphorus transfer were studied using the in situ perfused guinea pig placenta. The diuretics ethacrynic acid and furosemide had no significant effect on placental calcium and phosphorus transfer when injected into ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y83-194
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of the circular muscle of canine colon to stimulation of intrinsic nerves and to the probable mediators of these nerves were studied in vivo. In vivo studies were carried out using close intra-arterial injections and local field stimulation of proximal, mid-, and distal colon while recording circumferent...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y88-060
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor implicated in the control of blood pressure and renal function. Its effects can be modulated by nitric oxide (NO), which inhibits ET-1 production and action. Recently, we reported that ET-1 production can also be modulated by angiotensin II (AngII) in vivo. To investigat...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/cjpp-77-1-8
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doxepin binds to intact astrocytes in primary cultures. The binding is competitively displaceable by excess cold doxepin and it is pronounced (Bmax = 27 nmol/mg protein) but the affinity is rather low (KD = 30 microM). The binding is inhibited by other antidepressants (amitriptyline, desipramine, tranylcypromine, ipri...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y80-230
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Premature weaning of rats to high carbohydrate diets causes a variety of short- and long-term changes in lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. It is likely that interaction of diet with certain emerging hormonal control patterns during weaning might condition metabolic control and (or) subsequent ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1139/y85-093
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Barbiturate actions on excitatory synaptic responses in CA 1 and dentate regions of hippocampal slices were studied to determine whether different effects occur on anatomically distinct synaptic pathways. Pentobarbital facilitated transmission between stratum radiatum inputs and CA 1 neurons at low concentrations (0.0...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y87-065
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-dopamine) and of a cholesterol rich diet on the plasma and aortic cholesterol of female rats were studied. Both the diet and the 6-OH-dopamine produced an important increase in plasmatic and aortic cholesterol. A synergistic effect of these two treatments was observed on the plasm...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y76-014
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on the metabolism of pregnenolone to progesterone was examined in rat granulosa cells during a 24-h culture period. Granulosa cells harvested from pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin treated immature rats were incubated in the presence and absence of the divalent cation ionophore ...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y88-157
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyrotoxicosis, a condition in which there is an excessive amount of circulating thyroid hormones, leads to reduced glycogen content in different tissues. In this study we analyzed the effects of aerobic swimming training on liver, heart, and skeletal muscle glycogen content in experimentally induced thyrotoxicosis. W...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y2012-044
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mature (450-600 g) 21 degrees C-acclimated male rats, anaesthetized with urethane, blood flow (measured by the radioactive microsphere technique) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) was determined during the infusion of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 28410 or noradrenaline bitartrate at doses chosen to give similar in...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y86-189
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00