Abstract:
:We have developed a two dose/single-sample protocol for the in vivo/in vitro rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay. In order to enhance the effectiveness of grain detection by image analysis we found minor technical modifications to be beneficial. These included the use of 3% acetic acid in ethanol (or 4% aqueous paraformaldehyde) for hepatocyte fixation and 0.5% aqueous eosin for staining. Also, there was no correlation between cell viability (measured using the trypan blue method) and UDS response and, therefore, we do not reject animals from data analysis unless hepatocyte viability falls below 50%. Furthermore, we suggest that cell attachment is a more reliable indicator of toxicity than of cell viability. Therefore, our range-finding test has been modified to incorporate an extra animal per group so that hepatocyte cultures can be evaluated. Comparisons of a two-dose/single-sample protocol with the currently accepted single-dose/multiple-sample protocol demonstrated that the former was an acceptable alternative, in that responses with standard positive controls are very similar with both protocols. Furthermore, the two-dose protocol has clear advantages in that it uses fewer animals, resources and time and has better statistical discriminatory power. As a move away from the use of arbitrary values for determining the performance and outcome of assays, we use criteria based on confidence limits placed on historical data ranges. Where necessary, statistical analyses of concurrent data is performed using rank transformation followed by parametric analysis of the ranks; this combines the generality of a non-parametric methodology with the power and versatility of parametric analyses.
journal_name
Mutagenesisjournal_title
Mutagenesisauthors
Amphlett NW,Mitchell ID,Rees RW,Haynes GAdoi
10.1093/mutage/11.1.19subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
19-26issue
1eissn
0267-8357issn
1464-3804journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MUTAGENESIS文献大全abstract::The search for micronuclei (MN) in binucleated cells is not always the best choice to recognize microtubule-perturbing agents, as they give rise to (micronucleated) mononucleated cells, mainly via mitotic slippage. We therefore treated peripheral lymphocytes with vincristine (VCR), nocodazole (NOC) and colcemid (COL):...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/ges044
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is an investigation of the long-term effects of a shift from a mixed diet to a lacto-vegetarian diet and of a return to a mixed diet on the mutagenic activity in urine and faeces. The participants were 20 normal weight, non-smoking subjects. Dietary surveys and urinary and faecal samples were collected before and...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/13.2.167
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Newborns have to cope with hypoxia during delivery and a sudden increase in oxygen at birth. Oxygen will partly be released as reactive oxygen species having the potential to cause damage to DNA and proteins. In utero, increase of most (non)-enzymatic antioxidants occurs during last weeks of gestation, making preterm ...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/ges022
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation-induced exchange aberrations are thought to arise as a consequence of misrejoining of free ends of DNA double strand breaks (dsbs). In quiescent mammalian cells this process of misrejoining is prevalently taken up by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process. In order to investigate the role of glutathio...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gei046
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clastogenic potential of sodium fluoride was determined both in vitro (using cultured human lymphocytes) and in vivo (using the rat bone-marrow micronucleus test). The incidence of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures exposed to 20 or 40 micrograms/ml sodium fluoride (3 and 9% respectively) was sign...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/2.6.497
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The single-cell gel electrophoresis--the comet assay--has proved to be a sensitive and relatively simple method that is much used in research for the analysis of specific types of DNA damage, and its use in genotoxicity testing is increasing. The efficiency of the comet assay, in terms of number of samples processed p...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/get012
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::3 beta-Hydroxy-13 alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5 alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam-p-bis(2-chloroethyl) aminophenoxyacetate (NSC 294859) is a new modified steroidal alkylating agent. This compound was given by i.p. administration to mice bearing different types of tumour. It was found to exhibit good activity in L1210 and...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/4.5.361
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotoxicity of atenolol, a beta-blocker antihypertensive drug, both in vitro and in vivo, was cytogenetically tested for its ability to induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) in cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Also, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a centromeric probe was perfo...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/15.3.195
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Famotidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, was devoid of mutagenic activity in seven his- Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102) and was equitoxic in repair-proficient (WP2) and repair-deficient (WP2uvrA, WP67, CM561, CM571, WP100 and CM871) Escherichia coli strains, ...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/1.2.125
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protection from chronic exposure to cosmic radiation, which is primarily composed of protons, in future manned missions to Mars and beyond is considered to be a key unresolved issue. To model the effects of cosmic radiation on a living cell, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells harboring various deletions of DNA rep...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gem055
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein Pms2 were investigated using the endogenous mouse Hprt and Tk genes as reporters of intragenic mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Pms2(-/-)Tk(+/-), Pms2(+/+)Tk(+/-), Pms2(+/-)Tk(+/-) and Pms2(-/-)Tk(-/-) mice were bred from Pms2(+/-)Tk(+/-) mic...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/geg007
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::All of the published mutagenicity data generated using the Muta Mouse (lacZ) and the Big Blue (lacI) transgenic mouse mutation assays have been re-presented in a standard format. To date, 26 chemicals have been evaluated in one or other of the assays, and eight tissues have been sampled. The present analysis should ex...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/9.4.367
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitropyrenes are a class of polycyclic hydrocarbons that have been shown to be potent point mutagens in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. However, relatively few data have been published on their ability to induce chromosome aberrations. In this paper we report the cytogenetic activity of 1-nitropyrene, 1-nitr...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/2.1.23
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basic extracts isolated from lamb meat treated at various temperatures were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the presence of S9 mix. Samples of ground lamb patties were cooked for 10 min per side at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 degrees C. Low cooking temperatures resulted in products with...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/4.3.228
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::CI Solvent Yellow 14 has been reported to be carcinogenic in the rat, inducing neoplastic liver nodules, but non-carcinogenic in the mouse. The present experiments have extended previously reported investigations on the activity of CI Solvent Yellow 14 in in vivo genotoxicity assays. CI Solvent Yellow 14 has been exam...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/12.4.255
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Well-established in vitro methods for testing the genotoxic potency of chemicals--such as the Ames/Salmonella test, the mouse lymphoma assay, the micronucleus test and the chromosomal aberration test--show a high false-positive rate for predicting in vivo genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Thus, there is a need for mor...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/geq040
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A perceived disadvantage of transgenic rodent mutation assays is that spontaneous mutant frequencies are high compared to those of endogenous genes and may consequently reduce sensitivity to induced mutation. We have previously argued that unrepaired G:T mismatches from spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine at C...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gen026
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodontia, which is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars, may contribute to masticatory dysfunction, speech alteration, aesthetic problems and malocclusion. Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) was the first gene identified as causing non-syndromic oligodontia. In this study, we identif...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/geu019
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revertibility of three spontaneous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT)-deficient V79 cell lines has been determined after exposure to a number of alkylating agents. TG11 and 19 reverted at frequencies ranging from 1 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10(-4) after exposure to doses of ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) N-methyl...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/3.1.15
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in mono-culture of cells have shown that diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress-related damage to DNA. However, the level of particle-generated genotoxicity may depend on interplay between different cell types, e.g. lung epithelium and immu...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/ges035
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male infertility is a relevant social and medical problem. Male infertility is mostly caused by genetic disorders. The purpose of the study was to analyze the correlation of chromosome aberrations, as well as DNA fragmentation and various manifestations of spermatogenesis disorder. Sperm samples of 58 males with infer...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gew020
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer is a major health burden, being the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide. Overtreatment represents a major problem in prostate cancer therapy, leading to significant long-term quality-of-life effects for patients and a broad socio-ecological burden. Biomarkers that could facilitat...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/geaa010
更新日期:2020-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Each of the Escherichia coli tester strains in the WP3101P-WP3106P series contains an F' plasmid with a different base substitution mutation within the lacZ gene. Each of the six possible base substitution mutations, therefore, can be assayed with these strains by Lac(+) reversion. We used the strains to characterize ...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/15.4.317
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aneuploidy has important consequences for human health. There is a requirement to detect aneugens that may not be fully satisfied by the current test batter. New cytogenetic techniques look promising. ...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type:
doi:10.1093/mutage/13.4.417
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An established human hepatoma cell strain (Hep G2) was used in micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays to evaluate the clastogenic potential of several indirectly-acting mutagenic carcinogens. Benzo[a]pyrene, cyclophosphamide, dimethyl nitrosamine, hexamethylphosphoramide, pyrene and safrole were s...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/6.5.399
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major risk factor for skin cancer is exposure to UV radiation from sunlight, but other environmental exposures may also play a role in combination with UV. We have studied the effects of combined exposure of primary human skin cells in vitro to UVA, UVB or UVC with benzo[a] pyrene (BaP), an environmental carcinoge...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gei042
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coal miners are exposed to coal dust, containing mineral particles, inorganic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and to ionizing radiation. These factors can induce oxidative stress and promote inflammation that leads to DNA damage. The aim of this investigation is to analyse the degree of DNA damage in m...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gew038
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have characterized six SV40-transformed xeroderma pigmentosum cell lines (XP20S and XP12BE derived from female donors, XP12RO-SV, XP3BR/12SV, XP4PA-SV and XP8CAC-SV from male donors) for their usability in HPRT mutation studies. All cell lines exhibit hypersensitivity, compared with MRC5CV1 cells, towards the cytot...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/12.5.391
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The partial hepatectomy method, co-treatment method with mitogens and an in vivo/in vitro assay method have been reported as in vivo liver micronucleus (MN) assays. These methods have disadvantages with respect to widespread use as an in vivo assay, i.e. they are time consuming, labour intensive and there is the possi...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/gen047
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytogenetic effects of mimosine, a naturally occurring plant amino acid known to arrest cell-cycle progression at the G1-S border in cultured cells, have been studied. It was found that mimosine inhibits the cell-cycle progression in a dose-dependent manner in primary and transformed Chinese hamster fibroblasts as...
journal_title:Mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/mutage/10.5.385
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00