Abstract:
:One frequently analyzes a subset of the data collected in a survey when interest focuses on individuals in a certain subpopulation of the sampled population. Although it may seem natural to eliminate from the data set all data from individuals outside the subpopulation before analysis, this procedure may yield incorrect standard errors and confidence intervals. The authors give two examples of this using data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey and the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey. The correct method of analysis is described, as well as a simple condition that, when satisfied, ensures that the elimination approach yields identical answers to the correct method.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Graubard BI,Korn ELdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008847subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
102-6issue
1eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
144pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Religion and spirituality are important social determinants that drive public health practice. The field of epidemiology has played a vital role in answering long-standing questions about whether religion is causally associated with health and mortality. As epidemiologists spark new conversations (e.g., see Kawachi (A...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa022
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is generally believed that a simple lifestyle may promote health, a recent study among Trappist and Benedictine monks in the Netherlands reported an increase in general morbidity (Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:569-73). As this increased morbidity might be the consequence of an increased life expectancy, we studi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117500
更新日期:1995-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid are perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) widely distributed in the environment. Previous studies of PFCs and birth weight are equivocal. The authors examined this association in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), using data from 901 women enrolled from 2...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr459
更新日期:2012-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence that chronic hypoxia precedes death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is mounting. Prolonged exposure to moderate levels of pollutants could be a contributing factor to hypoxia. Levels of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and hydrocarbons (HC) are highest in the winter...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113141
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cohort of 3,916 Swedish copper smelter workers employed for at least 3 months between 1928 and 1967 was followed up through 1981. Arsenic exposure was estimated for different time periods at each workplace within the smelter. Detailed job records were linked to the exposure matrix, thus forming individual cumulative...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116128
更新日期:1991-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors extend previous results on nondifferential exposure misclassification to the situation in which multilevel exposure and covariables are both misclassified. They show that if misclassification is nondifferential and the predictive value matrices are independent of other predictor variables it is possible to...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010094
更新日期:1999-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gallstones and cholecystectomy may be related to digestive system cancer through inflammation, altered bile flux, and changes in metabolic hormone levels. Although gallstones are recognized causes of gallbladder cancer, associations with other cancers of the digestive system are poorly established. We used the Surveil...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt322
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::State Medicaid programs collectively cover more than 70 million people, and are the largest single payer for pregnancy and delivery in the United States. In this issue, Margerison et al. (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX) investigate the extent to which Medicaid expansions to non-pregnant low-income adults under...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa290
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Over a two-year period an attempt was made to identify instances of transmission of rubella vaccine virus from rubella vaccinees to pregnant women in Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee. Approximately 24,000 children were immunized in a mass campaign at the outset of the study. Several prospective surveillance method...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112089
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prevalence study was designed to evaluate host and seasonal risk factors associated with three systemic mycoses in dogs: blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis. Histoplasmosis was the most commonly diagnosed of the three diseases. All three of the mycoses occurred more frequently in male than female d...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113077
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extraordinarily high rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia (PD) in the Chamorro linguistic group on Guam suggested a genetic etiology for these diseases. Results of three studies are described. Two involved comparisons of the rates of disease in relatives and spouses of index patien...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112098
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weight cycling has been associated with an increased risk of death in some studies, but few studies differentiated weight cycling initiated by intentional weight loss from that initiated by illness. The association of weight cycling with death was examined among 55,983 men and 66,655 women in the Cancer Prevention Stu...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr378
更新日期:2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::As part of the Honolulu Heart Program studies, 4,581 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii completed a psychosocial questionnaire in 1971. By 1980, 280 new cancer cases had been recorded. Among 12 items related to stressful life situations, there were no consistent associations with total or site-specific cancer i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114027
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A propensity score (PS) model's ability to control confounding can be assessed by evaluating covariate balance across exposure groups after PS adjustment. The optimal strategy for evaluating a disease risk score (DRS) model's ability to control confounding is less clear. DRS models cannot be evaluated through balance ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx032
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologic approach to causal inference (i.e., Hill's viewpoints) consists of evaluating potential causes from the following 2, noncumulative angles: 1) established results from comparative, observational, or experimental epidemiologic studies; and 2) reviews of nonepidemiologic evidence. It does not involve st...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt223
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors used a transgenerational data set of Illinois vital records to ascertain the relation between parental birth weights and infant birth weight. The infant generation consisted of all African Americans and whites born in Illinois during 1989-1991. The parent generation included the mothers and fathers who wer...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009197
更新日期:1997-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A few epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk of death from external causes among men with hypertension. Previous studies were limited by small numbers of events, however, and none assessed the association of blood pressure with specific types of "accidental" death. The authors examined data obtained from b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk014
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under- and overreporting of energy intake in relation to body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) were examined by using 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium as biomarkers. The data were obtained from 2,124 men and 1,998 women aged 25-74 years who participated in the 1981-1984 Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Hea...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/152.5.453
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to identify individual predisposing risk indicators for falls in a sample of institutionalized frail elderly in southern Germany. The design was a prospective observational study with a 1-year follow-up (October 1998-September 1999). The study population included 472 long-term-care residents ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg203
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the U-shaped relation between alcohol intake and health beyond findings related to cardiovascular disease. Medically certified sickness absence is a health indicator in which coronary heart disease is only a minor factor. To investigate the relation between alcohol intake and sickness absence, re...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf138
更新日期:2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A population-based cohort of 166 twin pairs (67 monozygotic and 99 dizygotic) born at the Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Medical Center, from July 1, 1976 to December 31, 1980 was identified. Body weight and length were measured at 14 days and at one, three, six, nine, and 12 months of age. Statisticall...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114730
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vital statistics data on mortality from malignant melanoma from five countries are simultaneously fit by the method of cohort analysis. After the effects of geographic and temporal trends are removed, the proportion of deaths occurring in the younger age groups is found to be higher in females than in males. Relative ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113726
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study, conducted from September 1999 to March 2000. The purpose of the study was to assess dietary measurement error using two self-reported dietary instruments-the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24-hour dietary recall (24HR)-and unbias...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg092
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) have developed standard categories of body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) of less than 18.5 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 (normal weight), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), and 30.0 o...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu111
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be an important component of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. It remains unclear, however, whether the importance of the CD4 lymphocyte count is such that individuals who have been infected for widely different lengths of time, but for whom the CD4 lymph...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116789
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescent oxidation products in plasma are stable with routine blood collection methods and reflect oxidation in food, animals, and in vitro. Whether plasma fluorescent oxidation products predict future coronary heart disease has not been established. Among US men without cardiovascular disease who provided blood sp...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm120
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiology has a rich tradition in western New York State, beginning with the classic study by Austin Flint of a waterborne typhoid fever outbreak in North Boston in 1843. Other important investigations included the study of the Buffalo poliomyelitis epidemic of 1912, by Wade Hampton Frost, which provided a comprehe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009215
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between exposure to severe cold weather and mortality is examined in a retrospective study of deaths occurring during the month of January from 1991 to 1996 in Pennsylvania. Using division-days as units of observation (n = 1,560) aggregated from death certificates and geographic divisions, the authors est...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009770
更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of social status and behavior type to the incidence of coronary heart disease was examined among husbands and wives in the Framingham Heart Study. Between 1965 and 1967, 269 spouse pairs, in which the husbands were 45-64 years of age, were administered an extensive psychosocial questionnaire. These pa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113611
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of marital status and change in marital status on mortality among middle-aged British men were examined in a prospective cohort study, the British Regional Heart Study. This is a nationally representative cohort of men selected at random from general medical practices in 24 towns in England, Wales, and Sco...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117723
更新日期:1995-10-15 00:00:00