Abstract：
:Codon usage bias is a feature of living organisms. The origin of this bias might be explained not only by external factors but also by the nature of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) itself. We have developed a point mutation simulation program of coding sequences, in which nucleotide replacement follows thermodynamic criteria. For this purpose we calculated the hydrogen bond-like and electrostatic energies of non-canonical base pairs in a 5 bp neighbourhood. Although the rate of non-canonical base pair formation is extremely low, such pairs occur with a preference towards a guanine (G) or cytosine (C) rather than an adenine (A) or thymine (T) replacement due to thermodynamic considerations. This feature, according to the simulation program, should result in an increase in the GC content of the genome over evolutionary time. In addition, codon bias towards a higher GC usage is also predicted. DNA sequence analysis of genes of the Trypanosomatidae lineage supported the hypothesis that DNA thermodynamic pressure is a driving force that impels increases in GC content and GC codon bias.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Zimic MJ,Guerra D,Arévalo Jdoi
10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90046-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
S15-20eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
96 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vitamin A supplements are reported to reduce febrile episodes of malaria and parasite counts, especially in children aged 12-36 months. Red palm oil (RPO) is a good source of vitamin A, is rich in alpha- and beta-carotene and is as effective as high-dose retinyl palmitate supplements in improving vitamin A status. In ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90312-3
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasmosis is an anthropozoonotic disease endemic world-wide, caused by the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Although the course of infection is generally benign, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing fetus and in immunocompromised individuals. Biological diagnosis classically relies upo...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90078-7
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quinine (n = 246) was used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and chloroquine (n = 130) was used to treat P. vivax, in a total of 376 episodes of malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy, in 300 Karen women (Thailand, 1995-2000). Parasites were still present on day 6 or 7 in 4.7% (11/234) of episodes trea...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90297-x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The seroprevalence of toxocariasis was investigated in 1997/98 in 1009 schoolchildren (aged 5-12 years) throughout Trinidad. Infection, as measured by titre, was found to be high compared to values obtained from children in other countries. Using an excretory-secretory antigen and performing an ELISA test, it was foun...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90281-6
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following the successful eradication of Brucella abortus infection in cattle, human brucellosis in England and Wales has become an uncommon imported disease. Culture of the organism presents a major laboratory hazard, and difficulties in identification may occur using a biochemical test-strip method. An overview of re...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(93)90460-8
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the aftermath of a natural disaster, multispecialty rapid response teams are deployed to support health-related relief work. Microbiologists are often part of such teams, along with public health specialists, clinicians and entomologists, and can contribute to the response in multiple ways. The role of a microbiolo...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/traa099
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Subclinical mastitis, defined as raised milk sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio is common and associated with poor infant growth and increased mother-to-child HIV transmission. In 1996-97, we conducted a randomized controlled trial of multiple micronutrient supplementation, at recommended daily allowance levels, from 22 to...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90124-6
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent to which ivermectin treatments have an impact on onchocerciasis transmission is a matter of some concern. We investigated this issue in the Mbam valley, a hyperendemic focus located in a forest-savannah mosaic area of Cameroon. Parasitological examinations of 5-9-year-old children, who had never received an...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2003.11.010
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two leishmanial stocks isolated in Egypt, one from a dog and the other from Rattus norvegicus, were typed according to their excreted factor (EF) serotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their glucose phosphate isomerase. The canine isolate was indistinguishable from L. donovani (= L. infantum ) strains. The rat i...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90295-5
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between July 1989 and December 1990, 4504 new adult patients with tuberculosis were screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) 1 and 2 in Abidjan's 2 tuberculosis treatment centres. The prevalence levels of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were 30.2% and 4.2% respectively, a further 9.3% of patients rea...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(93)90420-u
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody to Ebola virus was found in 14 (1.2%) of 1147 human sera collected in Gabon in 1981-1997. Six seropositive subjects were bled in the northeast in 1991, more than 3 years prior to recognition of the first known outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF), whilst eight came from the southwest where the disease h...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.07.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Defaecation timing of the Triatominae vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi directly affects the transmission probability of Chagas disease to mammal hosts. Experimental studies with fifth instar nymphs of Triatoma infestans showed that defaecation time was negatively affected by blood meal size and positively affected by star...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(91)90462-8
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are few reports of parasitic disease prevalence in the Dominican Republic. The most recent study was that by Mackie et al. (1951). Examination of purged specimens from individuals employed by two sugar plantations demonstrated generally high prevalences of a number of helminths and protozoans. We report here the...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(81)90196-6
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 'non-blind' randomized hand washing intervention study was conducted in a low socioeconomic community in Rangoon to determine if hand washing by 494 children under 5 years old and their mothers could reduce the incidence of diarrhoea and dysentery in these children. Children and mothers in the intervention group wer...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90737-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 1,197 wild animals from Pará State north Brazil, were examined for haematozoa. Trypanosoma cruzi-like parasites were found in 13 different species, and were particularly common in a variety of marsupials (Didelphidae), porcupines (Coendou spp.), armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) and coatimundis(Nasua nasua)...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(79)90211-6
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A survey of 102 blind and 218 deaf children in 2 specialized schools in Guatemala revealed distinctly different age-intensity profiles of infection with the intestinal helminth, Trichuris trichiura. In the school for the deaf, intensity (measured as eggs per gram of stool) peaked in the children 7 to 8 years old and d...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90285-x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fibroblast-like cell line derived from the mountain vole Microtus montanus was effective in promoting an increase in the multiplication rate of new and established isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. An increase in multiplication rate was also achieved in the absence of M. montanus cells when cultures of P. falciparu...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90017-9
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Promotion of breastfeeding is a key component of infant health policies globally. However, maternal HIV infection is a possible contraindication for breastfeeding since it can result in mother-to-child transmission. Research into infant-feeding strategies which will promote the health of all infants but also protect a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90010-1
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha-feto protein (alpha-FP) is now accepted as a very useful serum marker of hepatocarcinoma, and since its discovery in 1963, surveys have been carried out in various regions of the world, where hepatoma is particularly prevalent, which have shown that alpha-FP may be detected in 50 to 80% of patients with liver ca...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(75)90157-1
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polymerase chain reaction was applied to capillary blood spots dried on filter paper from 20 parasitologically proved cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), 21 subclinical cases, and 11 healthy controls in a longitudinal study of anthroponotic VL in Baringo District, Kenya. Leishmania deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) wa...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(95)90081-0
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a high prevalence of primary liver cell carcinoma in the Guinea Savanna country of Nigeria, one of the highest frequencies in the world. The highest frequency of the tumour was among males aged 20 to 49 years. The clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those found in other series in Africa. Alpha1-fo...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(77)90114-6
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Zimbabwe, HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) were determined in sera from 63 HCC patients using a second generation enzyme immunoassay. Anti-HCV was found in 15 patients (23.8%), 12 of whom (80%) were males. The mea...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90029-8
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of neurological manifestations of infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei have been described including cerebral abscesses, which are a well-recognized form of neurological melioidosis. The optimal antibiotic therapy for this condition has not been defined; however, combinations of intravenous antibiotics a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90248-8
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmanial antigen in circulating immune complexes (CIC) from sera of cotton-rats experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani and visceral leishmaniasis patients (VLP) was detected using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PEG-ELISA). The immune complexes were precipitated in the cold ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(94)90502-9
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a lack of information on the disease burden due to Taenia solium taeniasis and its associated risk factors in pig farming communities throughout the world. The present study was conducted in a rural pig farming community of north India to estimate the prevalence of T. solium taeniasis and associated factors. ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.04.019
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 1970 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Clinical Research Centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh was made, to identify various complications and outcome. All patients were admitted with a history of diarrhoea. Children under 5 years old comprised 90% of these pa...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(91)90396-g
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (XbaI) on 114 bloodstream isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A and S. enterica serotype Typhi collected from febrile patients in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 56 S. Paratyphi A isolates, 51 (91%) were indistinguishable, which suggests the emergence of a single c...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.12.011
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dengue is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Sri Lanka. Dengue has historically been considered an urban disease. In 2012-2013, we documented that acute dengue was surprisingly associated with self-reported rural residence in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. METHODS:Patients admitted with an acute...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trz123
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficiency was tested of the Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique (HCT) and the miniature Anion-Exchange Centrifugation Technique (mAECT) for demonstrating trypanosomes in the blood of four antelopes experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberia. During simultaneous daily application of both...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90244-x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Routine results of direct examination of sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli from 34 laboratories in Tanzania were analysed. These represented 8 regions providing 94 laboratory-years of work; 61,580 tuberculosis suspects were evaluated with the aid of 141,371 smears. The average proportion of cases found among suspect...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90239-4
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
