Physiology of transformed glial cells.

abstract：:Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) regulates oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Exposure of OLGs to NT-3 induces a significant increase in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP). However, we found that this stimulation occurs in the absence of measurable effects on MBP gene promote...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Coelho RP,Yuelling LM,Fuss B,Sato-Bigbee C

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a slowly propagating wave of depolarization of gray matter. This phenomenon is believed to underlie the migraine aura and similar waves of depolarization may exacerbate injury in a number of neurological disease states. CSD is characterized by massive ion dyshomeostasis, cell swe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rosic B,Dukefoss DB,Åbjørsbråten KS,Tang W,Jensen V,Ottersen OP,Enger R,Nagelhus EA

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IQSEC3, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF-GEFs) is specifically expressed at GABAergic synapses, and its loss increases seizure susceptibility in mice. However, the contribution of microglia to initiation and/or progression of seizures in IQSEC3-deficient mice has not been investig...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Park D,Kim S,Kim H,Shin J,Jung H,Um JW

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes support neurons not only physically but also chemically by secreting neurotrophic factors and energy substrates. Moreover, astrocytes establish a glial network and communicate through gap junctions in the brain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of major component proteins in astrocytic gap junctions. Heterozygote ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakase T,Yoshida Y,Nagata K

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms that regulate the amount of releasable Ca2+ in intracellular stores of cultured mouse astrocytes were investigated using digital imaging of fura-2 loaded cells. At rest, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]cyt, was about 110 nM. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golovina VA,Bambrick LL,Yarowsky PJ,Krueger BK,Blaustein MP

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dorsal root entry zone is a PNS-CNS junction between Schwann cells and astrocytes, defining the site where dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axons enter the adult mammalian spinal cord. Following dorsal root injury (rhizotomy), DRG axons regenerate within the PNS environment of the root but stop at the DREZ and fail to re...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golding JP,Bird C,McMahon S,Cohen J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence suggested that ATP acting via ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors might be involved in signaling between glial cells and within glial-neuronal networks. In contrast to their neuronal counterpart, the identity of P2X receptors in CNS glial cells is largely unknown. In the presen...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kukley M,Barden JA,Steinhäuser C,Jabs R

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes play a critical role in the development of the CNS and its response to injury and disease. A key indicator of astrocyte activation is the increased accumulation of intermediate filaments composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Treatment of astrocytes in vitro with transforming growth factor-beta...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Reilly JF,Maher PA,Kumari VG

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) are known to preserve morphological and physiological features of the in vivo situation; however, little is known about the properties of microglial cells under these in vitro conditions. In this study, we addressed the question whether microglial cells in OHSC...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hailer NP,Jarhult JD,Nitsch R

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two types of glial cells occur in the retina, Müller cells and astrocytes. These cells share several structural features such as extending endfeet onto blood vessels of the retina. Retinal vessels express a tight blood-retinal barrier which is comparable to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the CNS. While astrocytes ha...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Small RK,Watkins BA,Munro PM,Liu D

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia circuitry particularly sensitive to pathological dopamine depletion. Indeed, hyperactivity of SNr neurons is known to be responsible for some motor disorders characteristic of Parkinson's disease. The neuronal processing of basal...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bosson A,Boisseau S,Buisson A,Savasta M,Albrieux M

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated microglia, astrogliosis, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage and peripheral immune cell infiltration are features of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Numerous studies correlated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines with the activated morphology of microglia, attr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Vinet J,Vainchtein ID,Spano C,Giordano C,Bordini D,Curia G,Dominici M,Boddeke HW,Eggen BJ,Biagini G

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are considered the only cell population of mesodermal origin in the brain, although their role is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that rat primary microglial cells expressed nestin, A2B5, and O4 antigens, which are markers for oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Based on these findings, we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yokoyama A,Yang L,Itoh S,Mori K,Tanaka J

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, sensory deficits, and visual problems. The pathological mechanism of SPMS remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of microglia, immune ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tanabe S,Saitoh S,Miyajima H,Itokazu T,Yamashita T

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are sequentially specified into neurons and glia during the development of central nervous system. WNT/β-catenin signaling is known to regulate the balance between the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs during neurogenesis. However, the function of WNT/β-catenin signaling during g...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sun S,Zhu XJ,Huang H,Guo W,Tang T,Xie B,Xu X,Zhang Z,Shen Y,Dai ZM,Qiu M

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence has revealed that astrocytes are potential targets for various neurotransmitters. Here we investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on signal transduction in purified primary cultures of rat type-1 and type-2 astrocytes. PGF2 alpha, PGD2, and 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, a metabolite of PGD2 and ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ito S,Sugama K,Inagaki N,Fukui H,Giles H,Wada H,Hayaishi O

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radial glia are neural stem cells that exist only transiently during central nervous system (CNS) development, where they serve as scaffolds for neuronal migration. Their instability makes them difficult to study, and therefore we have isolated stabilized radial glial clones from E14.5 cortical progenitors (e.g., L2.3...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Li H,Chang YW,Mohan K,Su HW,Ricupero CL,Baridi A,Hart RP,Grumet M

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Clarke BE,Taha DM,Tyzack GE,Patani R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Historically, the human brain has been conceptually segregated from the periphery and further dichotomized into gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) based on the whitish appearance of the exceptionally high lipid content of the myelin sheaths encasing neuronal axons. These simplistic dichotomies were unfortunately e...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Haroutunian V,Katsel P,Roussos P,Davis KL,Altshuler LL,Bartzokis G

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypotonic challenge induces transient swelling in glial cells, which is typically followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). In contrast, lactic acidosis (lactacidosis) induces persistent cell swelling in astrocytes without an accompanying RVD. In the present study, we studied the mechanisms by which lactacidosis...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nabekura T,Morishima S,Cover TL,Mori S,Kannan H,Komune S,Okada Y

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NG2 is a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein encoded by the Cspg4 gene. It is expressed on glial progenitor cells known as NG2 glial cells or oligodendrocyte precursor cells that exist widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system and vascular mural cells but not on mature oligodendrocytes, astr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gotoh H,Wood WM,Patel KD,Factor DC,Boshans LL,Nomura T,Tesar PJ,Ono K,Nishiyama A

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During axonal ensheathment, noncompact myelin channels formed at lateral edges of the myelinating process become arranged into tight paranodal spirals that resemble loops when cut in cross section. These adhere to the axon, concentrating voltage-dependent sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and patterning the surround...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jarjour AA,Velichkova AN,Boyd A,Lord KM,Torsney C,Henderson DJ,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term, persistent central nervous system inflammation is commonly seen following brain infection. Using a murine model of viral encephalitis (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) we have previously shown that post-encephalitic brains are maintained in an inflammatory state consisting of glial cell reactivity, retention o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lokensgard JR,Schachtele SJ,Mutnal MB,Sheng WS,Prasad S,Hu S

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability and transport. Astrocytes and endothelial cells respond to a variety of stimuli with an increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) that is propagated to adjacent cells a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Leybaert L,Paemeleire K,Strahonja A,Sanderson MJ

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short term and chronic dBcAMP effects on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astroglial primary cultures are investigated. Short (48 h) and long (more than 7 days) treatments with the cAMP derivative induce both cell shape changes and an increase in GFAP immunolabelling. Such effects are only a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Le Prince G,Fages C,Rolland B,Nunez J,Tardy M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) are devastating brain tumors containing a fraction of multipotent stem-like cells which are highly tumorigenic. These cells are resistant to treatments and are likely to be responsible for tumor recurrence. One approach to eliminate GBM stem-like cells would be to force their terminal diff...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Guichet PO,Bieche I,Teigell M,Serguera C,Rothhut B,Rigau V,Scamps F,Ripoll C,Vacher S,Taviaux S,Chevassus H,Duffau H,Mallet J,Susini A,Joubert D,Bauchet L,Hugnot JP

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much current knowledge of oligodendrocyte biology, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, comes from cell culture studies mainly from postnatal rat tissue but mouse cells have been much more difficult to produce in large quantities. We have developed a high yield protocol for production of oligodendro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pedraza CE,Monk R,Lei J,Hao Q,Macklin WB

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to improve understanding of remodeling events in the glaucomatous optic nerve head, the migration of optic nerve head astrocytes was studied in vitro. Since elevated intraocular pressure is an important stress factor identified in glaucomatous eyes, optic nerve head astrocytes were incubated under physical st...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tezel G,Hernandez MR,Wax MB

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with immune-mediated pathogenesis is frequently associated with enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on resident glial cells, including astrocytes. Recently, a soluble form of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) has been demonstrated within the CNS and cerebrospina...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lyons PD,Benveniste EN

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have attempted to reconstruct in vitro the events that may occur in vivo during reperfusion injury after ischemia in the central nervous system. The phenomenon is induced by previous exposure to low calcium solutions ("calcium paradox") before the reperfusion episode. Intracellular calcium alterations during reperf...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kim-Lee MH,Stokes BT,Yates AJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00