Abstract：
:In the absence of formal clinical trials, the efficacy of thiazide diuretics in patients with renal impairment remains in doubt. Our study was therefore designed to evaluate the separate and combined effects of single and multiple doses of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and furosemide (FU) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and electrolyte excretion in 19 patients with chronic renal insufficiency and in six normal control subjects by a randomized single-blind protocol. After establishment of a steady state of urinary electrolyte excretion, a single oral dose of HCTZ (25 mg) induced increases in the urinary excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ over the subsequent 12 h, which was significantly inversely related to the GFR for each electrolyte. The ratios of HCTZ-induced excretion of the different electrolytes were constant and independent of the GFR. After HCTZ, there was a double peak of Na+ excretion related to the abrupt reduction in GFR and Na+ excretion when the latter exceeded 40 mmol/h in normal subjects and 15 mmol/h in patients with advanced renal failure. The dose-response curves for HCTZ and FU were both relatively flat: doubling the dose of each produced statistically insignificant increases in sodium excretion. In contrast, when the lower doses of each were coadministered, there was a substantial and statistically significant increase in Na+ excretion. The clinical implication of these findings is that a combination of low doses of diuretics acting at different functional sites of electrolyte reabsorption in the nephron is superior in saluretic potency to increasing the dose of either diuretic alone.
journal_name
J Cardiovasc Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacologyauthors
Knauf H,Mutschler Edoi
10.1097/00005344-199509000-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
394-400issue
3eissn
0160-2446issn
1533-4023journal_volume
26pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:This investigation demonstrates an increase in endothelin (ET)-mediated vascular tone in peri-ischemic areas after experimental focal cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion) in the cat. Adventitial application of the butenolide antagonist PD155080 (30 microM), after MCA occlusions resulted in marked incre...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current drug screening methods are insufficiently predictive of clinical toxicity and efficacy. Recent advances in stem cell technology have the potential to improve drug screening. For tests of cardiotoxicity and efficacy of cardioactive drugs, cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells and/or human induc...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e31821823f5
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression of myocardial contractility by muscarinic agonists is dependent on underlying beta-adrenergic tone. The negative inotropic effect of muscarinic agonists is enhanced by previous beta-adrenergic stimulation, an action that has been termed accentuated antagonism. We wished to determine whether accentuated anta...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199512000-00002
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been reported in patients taking the nonsedating antihistamine, terfenadine. We performed electrophysiologic studies of 14 isolated guinea pig hearts using the Langendorff technique to assess whether terfenadine exerted actions that could be responsible for inducing...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199501000-00006
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen hypertensive patients received pindolol (10-45 mg/day); mean +/- SD, 28.75 +/- 15.22) for 3-8 weeks in a placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study. Supine and standing blood pressures (BP) were lowered, whereas effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates (estimated from the clearances o...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-198105000-00018
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several antiarrhythmic agents with Na-channel blocking action have been shown to inhibit cardiac K(ATP) channels. We used cibenzoline to examine its precise target site using patch-clamp techniques and receptor binding assays in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Exposure of myocytes to a glucose-free perfusate containi...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200003000-00014
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a prospective randomized study, we assessed the electrophysiologic effects and the efficacy of ajmaline versus propafenone in patients with accessory pathways (APs). During initiated atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia or atrial fibrillation (AF), ajmaline (1 mg/kg as bolus followed by infusion of 15 microg...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-199410000-00018
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The degree of cardiac and vascular beta-adrenoceptor blockade of bisoprolol and atenolol was determined by the chronotropic dose 25 (CD25) of isoproterenol (the dose of an intravenous isoproterenol bolus required to increase resting heart rate by 25 beats/min) and by the increase in forearm blood flow (venous occlusio...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198511001-00010
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on infarct size and cardiovascular hemodynamics were studied in 35 conscious dogs subjected to 24 h of coronary occlusion. Following occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, 10 dogs were infused with captopril 0.25 mg/kg/h i.v. (group 1...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of in vivo experiments were conducted to compare the hemodynamic actions of vernakalant (a novel, relatively atrial selective, antiarrhythmic drug) to flecainide after infusion into the peripheral vasculature. Anesthetized rats were surgically prepared to have an extracorporeal perfusion circuit whereby blood...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e318210276b
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of divalent cations on human platelet vasopressin receptor binding characteristics and effects of receptor occupancy on endogenous protein phosphorylation were investigated. Binding of vasopressin to its receptor is modulated by both the nature and the concentration of ions. Whatever the cation present, gu...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198707000-00004
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, multicenter study with three parallel treatment groups, we compared the efficacy and safety of once-daily 20 mg quinapril plus 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with each drug as monotherapy in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Hypertensive out-p...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-199507000-00018
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Factor Xa (FXa) has been a target of considerable interest for drug development efforts aimed at suppressing thrombosis. In this report, a new orally active, small molecule, active-site directed FXa inhibitor, GW813893, has been profiled in a succession of in vitro and in vivo assays involved in its preclini...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e31817e9b9e
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was studied in monolayers of cultured vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells loaded with a fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2. ANP (atriopeptin III, 10(-8) M) decreased the resting level of [Ca2+]i and sustained rises in [Ca2+]i followin...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CARTAGOMAX study assessed the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin during real-world cardiac intervention. This was a single-center prospective study. Patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were anticoagulated with bivalirudin alone or unfractionated heparin plus a glycop...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000411
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The comparative contributions of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to the delay of reperfusion and rate of reocclusion after coronary thrombolysis with streptokinase were assessed in dogs using (a) single TXA2 synthase inhibition; (b) single 5-HT2-receptor blockade; (c) dual TXA2 synthas...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199301000-00009
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amlodipine, a new long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was compared with hydrochlorothiazie (HCTZ) in 145 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. After 4 weeks of single-blind placebo runin, patients were randomly allocated to receive amlodipine (2.5-10 mg once daily, n = 97) or HCTZ (25-100 mg once da...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-198812007-00022
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results of previous studies indicate that monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) reduces myocardial infarct size when administered 24 but not 1 h before a prolonged period of regional ischemia in dogs and rabbits. This cardioprotective effect of MLA could be reversed by the administration of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sen...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199807000-00008
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complementary antihypertensive effects of the beta-blocker/calcium antagonist combination has to be weighed against their additive and potentially detrimental negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects inherent in both classes of drugs. We reviewed the main adversity, particularly electrophysiologic...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005344-198507004-00008
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nebivolol, a chemically novel beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, acutely lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, anaesthetised normotensive dogs, and hypertensive patients. We have investigated the actions of dl-nebivolol in five conscious normotensive rabbits (sham, mean blood pressure (BP) of 82.2 +/-...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrendipine, a calcium entry blocker, was administered by gavage (3 mg/100 g body weight/day) to rats with prolonged angiotensin-II-(AII) induced hypertension. AII was infused by osmotic minipump implanted subcutaneously. Persistent hypertension was established after 5 days. Normotensive control rats had empty sham p...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been found to induce natriuresis in humans as well as in experimental animals. However, the tubular sites involved have not been precisely evaluated in humans. Using both free-water and lithium clearance, the latter as a marker of proximal tubular reabsorptio...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In congestive heart failure, the chronic sympathetic hyperactivity contributes to a poor prognosis. In this respect, clonidine, a centrally acting sympathoinhibitory drug, has previously been tested in clinical trials. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of clonidine on morbidity and mortality in ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200302000-00008
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large clinical studies have established the therapeutic benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). In patients with hypertension, ACE inhibitors have been shown to lower blood pressure, with an excellent safety profile. They ma...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005344-199000152-00002
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of gallopamil on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. Heavy SR was prepared from bovine ventricular muscle. Oxalate-supported calcium uptake was stimulated by gallopamil at concentrations ranging from 10 to 300 nM, whereas higher concentrations were ineffective. Peak stimulation ave...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A subset of essential hypertensives sensitive to salt and having normal or high renin levels are termed nonmodulators. These subjects fail to modulate their renal blood flow and aldosterone responsiveness when dietary sodium is changed. We have found that a positive family history of hypertension in a first degree rel...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No single pathophysiologic mechanism explains adequately cold-induced vasospasm in all forms of Raynaud's phenomenon. Local serotonin release from activated platelets is a contributory element in those disorders typified by structural arterial change, e.g., systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Selective antagonism of S2-...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flosequinan, a new orally active vasodilator, and its sulfone metabolite were evaluated for inotropic activity in isolated ferret papillary muscles and pentobarbital anesthetized open-chest dogs. In vitro, flosequinan and its sulfone derivative increased tension development in a concentration-dependent manner (1-50 mi...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198909000-00009
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril, or RO 31-2848, was evaluated in 14 healthy male volunteers. In a pilot study in two subjects, the inhibiting capacity of single oral doses of 5 and 10 mg on the pressure and heart rate response to exogenous angiotensin I was assessed. Both doses reduced the blood pressur...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A contribution by active vasodilation to the hypotensive effect of medroxalol was investigated in anesthetized dogs and reserpinized pithed rats. In anesthetized dogs, intravenous doses of medroxalol, which decreased blood pressure and heart rate, also produced a dose-related vasodilation in the isolated perfused grac...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198301000-00022
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
