Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Low urinary pH is the commonest and by far the most important factor in uric acid nephrolithiasis but the reason(s) for this defect is (are) unknown. Patients with uric acid nephrolithaisis have normal acid-base parameters according conventional clinical tests. METHODS:We studied steady-state plasma and urinary parameters of acid-base balance in subjects with normouricosuric pure uric acid stones. We also tested the ability of these subjects to excrete ammonium in response to an acute acid load. We compared these parameters in patients with pure uric acid stones to patients with mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate stones, pure calcium stones, and normal volunteers. RESULTS:Pure uric acid stone formers have a much higher incidence of either diabetes or glucose intolerance. After equilibration to a control diet, patients with uric acid stones have lower urinary pH and they excrete less of their acid as ammonium. This is compensated by higher titratable acidity and hypocitraturia. Despite their low baseline urinary pH, uric acid stone formers further acidify their urine after an acid load because of a severely impaired ammonia excretory response. Their characteristics are significantly different from normal volunteers and pure calcium stone formers. Patients with mixed uric acid/calcium stones exhibit intermediate characteristics. CONCLUSION:We propose that certain patients with normouricosuric uric acid nephrolithiasis have a renal acidification disease. The primary defect lies in renal ammonium excretion, which may be linked to the insulin-resistant state. Although net acid excretion is maintained at the expense of increased titratable acidity and to some degree hypocitraturia, the compromise is acid urine pH and may result in uric acid nephrolithiasis.
journal_name
Kidney Intjournal_title
Kidney internationalauthors
Sakhaee K,Adams-Huet B,Moe OW,Pak CYdoi
10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00508.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
971-9issue
3eissn
0085-2538issn
1523-1755pii
S0085-2538(15)48633-8journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vascular sclerosis is often seen in renal biopsies. It is usually associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, etc. However, whether inherited thrombophilic states such as factor V gene mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation are associated with t...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5001551
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High-dose folinic acid is used to accelerate methotrexate elimination to avoid renal toxicity of the drug. The present study was carried out to examine the role of the renal organic anion transporters OAT-K1 and OAT-K2 in the urinary excretion of methotrexate, especially in the methotrexate-folinic acid resc...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031058.x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nephropathic cystinosis is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by cystine accumulation, which is usually treated by oral cysteamine. In order to determine long-term effects of this therapy, we enrolled 86 adult patients (mean age 26.7 years) diagnosed with nephropathic cystinosis, 75 of whom received cyst...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2011.277
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nitric oxide inactivation by superoxide impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation and plays a role in various forms of hypertension. Almost no data exist regarding hypertension secondary to chronic renal failure. Previous studies have shown that endothelium-related relaxations, secondary to decreased nitric...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00166.x
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organomercurial diuretics stimulate renin secretion although the underlying cellular mechanisms remain undefined. Since organomercurials are also known to react with sulfhydryl groups, the present studies determined the effects of sulfhydryl reagents on renin secretion. The effects of the non-diuretic mercurial agent,...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1989.57
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In April 2006, Japan's health insurance system instituted a bundling policy that included recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in outpatient hemodialysis therapy. To evaluate outcomes of this, we analyzed a prospective cohort of hemodialysis patients in the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, in ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2010.382
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous reports have shown the presence of erythrogenic toxin type B (ETB), apoptosis, proliferation, and leukocyte infiltration in biopsies from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). METHODS:Attempting to correlate the apoptotic and proliferative events with the interaction of ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059003950.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The defect in urinary acidification induced by amphotericin B (AMB) was further characterized in turtle bladder. Since AMB has been shown to increase the hydrogen ion (H+) permeability of this epithelium in the absence of exogenous bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), we explored the permeability characteristics in the presence ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1977.39
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In uremic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT), nodular hyperplasia of parathyroid gland shows a monoclonal pattern of cell proliferation, in which a decreased density of vitamin D receptor (VDR) also is demonstrated. The present study aimed at elucidating the mechanism of parathyroid cell prol...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.2002.kid585.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that glomerular hypertrophy is a key event in the development of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis (FSGS) in humans and in many experimental models of FSGS. The initial aim of the present study was to determine if glomerular hypertrophy occurs in a puromycin aminonucleoside...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1996.375
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum calcitriol and the free calcitriol index together with factors considered to regulate calcitriol production were measured in eleven patients with moderate chronic renal failure (MCRF) and eleven age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Although the serum dialysable calcium levels were similar in the two groups, the...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1988.58
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Angiotensin II (Ang II) can up-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, whose product superoxide anion (O2-) can interact with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). We tested the hypothesis that Ang II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor activation enhances oxidative stress and...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00123.x
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation is to analyze changes in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D and 24,25-(OH)2D after successful renal transplantation in 20 children and young adults. Studies were performed on 8 subjects between the 1st and 10th month and on 12 others between the 20th and 30th to 36th month. Samples were assayed for p...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1981.153
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a morphologic hallmark of chronic kidney disease and is a key factor in the prediction of progression to end-stage renal failure. Disruption of tubular basement membrane and interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) via cytokine-induced alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (M...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00900.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple-relapsing minimal-change disease (MCD) often requires exposure to potentially toxic agents in an attempt to achieve a lasting remission of nephrotic syndrome. Munyentwali and co-workers describe an experience using rituximab in adults with multiple-relapsing MCD that supports both efficacy and safety of this ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2012.412
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The remnant kidney model was produced in mice by unilateral nephrectomy and partial infarction of the remaining kidney. Control mice underwent laparotomy only. The mice were studied for up to 44 weeks. No quantitative differences were noted in systolic arterial pressure, proteinuria, or histopathology between control ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00527.x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a new hypothesis to explain the development of salt-dependent hypertension in humans. We propose that hypertension has two phases: an early phase in which elevations in blood pressure (BP) are mainly episodic and are mediated by a hyperactive sympathetic nervous or renin-angiotensin system, and a second pha...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/ki.1997.442
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complement factor 5a (C5a) interaction with its receptor (C5aR1) contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including acute kidney injury. However, its role in chronic inflammation, particularly in pathogen-associated disorders, is largely unknown. Here we tested whether the development of chronic infla...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.023
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative importance of sarcopenia and its individual components as independent predictors of mortality in the dialysis population has not been determined. We estimated whole-body muscle mass using pre-dialysis bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements in 645 ACTIVE/ADIPOSE-enrolled prevalent hemodialysis patients fro...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.024
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of studying the genetics of chlorambucil mutagenesis, we have uncovered a new model for autosomal polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In the homozygous condition, the gene, jcpk, causes a very severe disease characterized by cysts in all segments of the nephron. Death usually occurs before 10 days of age. E...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1995.69
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our findings indicate that hypoaldosteronism occurs commonly (23/31 patients) in hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal insufficiency and that the deficiency of aldosterone contributes to the pathogenesis of the hyperkalemia. In most patients (83%), hypoaldosteronism could be accounted for by deficient renal secreti...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1980.11
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have evaluated 50 children (30 girls and 20 boys; mean age, 10.1 years) with a variety of renal diseases in whom renal biopsy specimens showed crescents in greater than or equal to 50% of glomeruli. Initial clinical features included edema in 61%; hypertension in 51%; gross hematuria in 73%; 3 to 4+ ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1985.30
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and are also important regulators of extracellular matrix. They are among the most potent angiogenic factors known. Evidence suggests the FGFs play a role in glomerular development and pathology. The aim of the present study was to deter...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1997.238
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells are a recently recognized group of immune cells with critical roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Regulatory innate lymphoid cells are a newly identified subset of innate lymphoid cells, which play a suppressive role in the innate immune response, favoring the resolution of intestinal i...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2019.07.019
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While tubular cell death is a characteristic of acute renal failure (ARF), the molecular mechanisms that modulate this cell death are unclear. Cell fate in acute renal failure hinges on a balance of survival and mortality factors in a changing environment. We further explored this issue by studying selected ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00925.x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcitonin secretion is stimulated by acute hypercalcemia. Furthermore, in the rat, the calcemic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) is decreased by calcitonin stimulation. However, in renal failure, it is not known if an increase in the serum calcium concentration within the physiologic range of serum calcium stimu...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1991.263
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We determined the effect of regional citrate versus systemic heparin anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill subjects suffering from acute renal failure who were not at high risk for hemorrhagic complications. METHODS:Between April 1999 and June 2002, 30 critically ill sub...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00342.x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis is induced by the administration of antibody against the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). We demonstrated previously that Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) (FcgammaR) play crucial roles in the induction of accelerated nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis by using FcRgamma-de...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00203.x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-(1-84) parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragments are large circulating carboxyl-terminal (C) fragments with a partially preserved amino-terminal (N) structure. hPTH (7-84), a synthetic surrogate, has been demonstrated to exert biologic effects in vivo and in vitro which are opposite to those of hPTH (1-34) on ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00493.x
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Normal human podocytes are terminally differentiated and quiescent cells. It is not known why podocytes fail to proliferate in response to most forms of injury. Proliferation is regulated by cell cycle proteins and their inhibitors. The Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (p21, p27, p5...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00213.x
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
