Abstract:
:Two cross sectional surveys, 24 years apart, using the same respiratory questionnaire, were carried out to examine changes in prevalence rates of cough, phlegm, and wheeze and to relate changes in wheeze to objective peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs). The surveys were done in towns in southern and northern England and South Wales in schoolchildren aged 6.0-7.5 years; n = 1655 in 1966 and n = 2323 in 1990. Parents reported on winter cough and winter phlegm (early morning or day/night) and wheeze; PEFRs were also measured. The proportion of children reported as wheezing on most days or nights increased from 3.9% to 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) for increase -0.2 to 4.6), with a smaller increase in the prevalence of those who had ever wheezed. The proportion of children with day or night time cough increased from 21.1% to 33.3% (95% CI for increase 3.8 to 20.6) and the proportion with day or night time phlegm increased from 5.8% to 10.0% (95% CI for increase 0.4 to 8.0). Smaller increases in the prevalence of persistent cough (from 9.0% to 12.4%) and persistent phlegm (from 2.4% to 3.5%) were also observed, while morning cough and morning phlegm showed little change. The increases in cough and phlegm were apparent in subjects with and without a history of wheeze. Both absolute and proportional changes in symptom prevalence were generally greater in the north than in the south. Similar social class trends were seen in each survey. The mean difference in PEFR between subjects with and without wheeze was smaller in 1990 than in 1966, but this result could be influenced by a greater proportion of subjects receiving antiasthmatic treatment in the 1990 survey. These apparent increases in the prevalence of persistent wheeze, day and night time cough and phlegm, occurring over a period during which outdoor air pollution levels have decreased substantially, deserve further investigation.
journal_name
Arch Dis Childjournal_title
Archives of disease in childhoodauthors
Whincup PH,Cook DG,Strachan DP,Papacosta Odoi
10.1136/adc.68.6.729subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-06-01 00:00:00pages
729-34issue
6eissn
0003-9888issn
1468-2044journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:Moderately preterm children (gestational age 32-36+6 weeks) are at risk of cognitive and behaviour problems at school age. The aim of this study was to investigate if these problems are already present at the age of 2 years. STUDY DESIGN:Developmental outcome was assessed at 24-months (corrected age) with th...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307016
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop and test patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) for children and young people in a specialist paediatric hospital setting. DESIGN:Six PREMs were developed and tested by children and young people for children and young people aged 8-11, 12-13 and 14-16 years in inpatient and outpatient settin...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313032
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate outcome, management, and prevention in Munchausen syndrome by proxy, non-accidental poisoning, and non-accidental suffocation. DESIGN:Ascertainment through British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and questionnaires to responding paediatricians. SETTING:The UK and Republic of Ireland, September ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/adc.78.3.217
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of chorionic somatomammotrophin (hCS) in maternal plasma at the time of delivery and in placental extracts were determined by radioimmunoassay and related to neonatal growth in 111 normal pregnancies. Mean maternal plasma hCS concentration was lower in association with small-for-dates infants, defined b...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.51.2.120
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24 hour energy balance study was carried out on 20 black Kenyan children with acute measles and repeated after recovery. The energy content of a weighed 24 hour food intake and of a simultaneous collection of faeces and urine was determined by bomb calorimetry. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.61.1.61
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:There are few standardised questionnaires for the assessment of respiratory symptoms in preschool children. We have developed and tested the short-term repeatability of a postal questionnaire on respiratory symptoms for 1-year-old children. METHODS:A newly developed postal questionnaire for the ass...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2007.117978
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A questionnaire relating to smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, and health attitude was administered to schoolchildren aged between 11 and 17 throughout a defined geographical area in both 1975 and 1979, with a valid response from 10498 and 12002 young people respectively. Each cohort was almost entirely different. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.57.5.352
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of neural plasticity and the early natural abilities of hearing children to acquire speech and language without instruction have led many authorities to advocate cochlear implantation before the age of 5 years in congenital deafness. Older children therefore become lower priority for scarce public funds be...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.88.8.708
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An infant with lactose intolerance is described. A breast-fed infant developed vomiting at 3 weeks, and became dehydrated. Lactosuria, aminoaciduria, and liver damage were preesent. A milk-free diet led to rapid recovery. At 6 months a normal diet was well tolerated. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.55.4.304
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vanessa is a 34-year-old lawyer married to a police officer. Her first baby was born after a perfect pregnancy and labour until fetal distress necessitated an easy Ventouse extraction late in the second stage. Baby F had normal Apgar scores and weighed 2920 g. This paper records a conversation between Vaness...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2006.101600
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three cases of osteoid osteoma and one of benign osteoblastoma in children are described. The main complaint was severe pain which was worse at night; it was relieved by aspirin or other analgesics. The diagnosis was made on clinical and radiological grounds and was confirmed on histological examination of the central...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.54.6.459
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histological examination of the breasts of 26 infants and young children who died suddenly between the ages of 3 weeks and 2 years was performed. The glands were composed of well formed lobules surrounded by dense interlobular stroma, while within the lobules there was looser connective tissue. The lobules contained d...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.63.2.136
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A four year regional screening programme to detect cystic fibrosis using measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen is described. During this period 60 infants were diagnosed; 34 by screening, 12 born with meconium ileus, and 14 not identified by the screening assay but who presented with clinical symptoms at a later a...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.63.12.1438
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to determine whether or not the probiotic Lactobacillus GG can colonise the immature bowel of premature infants and if so, does colonisation result in a reduction of the size of the bowel reservoir of nosocomial pathogens such as enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, yeasts or staphylococc...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/adc.69.5_spec_no.483
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of 105 children with urinary tract infection showed an increasing prevalence of grades II-III vesicoureteric reflux with diminishing age. During infancy reflux was almost always severe, and affected boys as often as girls. Radiologically scarred kidneys were drained by refluxing ureters in 98% of cases. The p...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.53.3.210
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two infants presented with a salt-losing syndrome, the presenting features of which were subtle. One case appeared to be transient. Deficient production of aldosterone was shown by plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone profile. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of urine indicated a defect in 18-dehydrogenati...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.52.7.580
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The validation of measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) against jugular venous occlusion plethysmography is described. Repeated measurements in six infants were made using both techniques simultaneously. A close relationship between the two mea...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.67.4_spec_no.407
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary tract anomalies were prospectively investigated with ultrasound in 29 children with functional constipation. These children were compared before and after treatment with 451 age matched healthy controls without constipation. The bladder residue and upper renal tract dilatation after micturition were significan...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.70.1.56
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The IgG subclass specific immune response against pneumococcal type 3 polysaccharide antigen before and after immunisation in healthy children and children with recurrent bronchitis was studied. Recurrent bronchitis was defined as three or more episodes a year, during at least two consecutive years, of bronchopulmonar...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.66.12.1378
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty two babies who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia were compared with 22 babies matched for gestational age who did not. Those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia weighed less at birth and had lower energy intakes from day 7 to day 56. Undernutrition before and after birth is a major problem in babies who develop ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.66.1_spec_no.37
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using an electronic inhaler timer device (Nebulizer Chronolog), compliance with the prescribed frequency of inhaled prophylactic medication in 14 asthmatic children was measured. Underuse occurred in 55% of study days while overuse occurred in only 2%. Such devices provide an important new tool for investigating inhal...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.67.3.332
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::No consistent differences were found in mean heights and weights of 170 schoolchildren aged 6--12 years with the sickle cell trait and 1247 schoolchildren with normal haemoglobin living in Dominica and Jamaica. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.53.7.596
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a child with Down's syndrome in whom metrorrhagia and precocious puberty revealed primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. The patient had a decreased growth velocity, exaggerated weight gain, bone age delay, and bilaterally enlarged multicystic ovaries. Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism can ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.88.4.330
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The foot length, occipito-frontal head circumference (OFC), crown-rump, and crown-heel length (CHL) of 123 neonates of gestational ages 26-42 weeks, were measured between 12 hours and 5 days. A gauge, designed and constructed at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, was used to measure foot length. In term babies (37-42 wee...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.54.3.226
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been widely used in children with steroid dependent and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS) because of its efficacy in relieving these patients from systemic side effects of steroids. However, its long term use is controversial, since chronic CsA induced nephropathy (CsAN) may ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2005.080960
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Achondroplasia is associated with foramen magnum stenosis (FMS) and significant risk of morbidity and sudden death in infants. A sensitive and reliable method of detecting infants who require decompressive surgery is required. This study aims to describe the incidence and severity of FMS in an unselected, se...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-319625
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects on the family of childhood chronic renal failure by contrasting children with varying degrees of severity of illness with healthy controls. Disruption of family life was most common in families with the more severely ill children (on hospital haemodialysis) and there was a tendency for more ment...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.63.7.821
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of altitude and acclimatisation on cardiorespiratory function and well-being in healthy children. METHODS:A daily symptom diary, serial measurements of spirometry, end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO(2)) and daytime and overnight pulse oximetry (SpO(2)), were undertaken at sea level and alti...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2008.150516
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a 25 year period, 31 asthmatic children received artificial ventilation for acute asthma at Alder Hey Children's Hospital on 48 occasions. Altogether 47 episodes occurred from 1971-89, with no decline in the number of episodes per year (mean 2.5) over this period. Eight children died during intermittent positive ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.65.12.1324
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in relation to the hepatitis B e antigen/antibody system and serum hepatitis B virus-DNA were evaluated. Results indicate that hepatitis B virus-DNA analysis can identify hepatitis B serum antigen positive mothers who may transmit infection to their offspring. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.60.1.56
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00