Abstract：
:The colposcope, basically binoculars on a stand, is used for the evaluation of the genital tract. Its optics, although complicated in theory, are easy to use in practice. Certain adjustments are necessary for stereoscopic viewing. Other adjustments adapt the optics for high viewing and either adapt the optics for high magnification study of disease features or low magnification for seeing the entire surgical field during treatment.
journal_name
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Amjournal_title
Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North Americaauthors
Wright VCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-03-01 00:00:00pages
31-46issue
1eissn
0889-8545issn
1558-0474journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This report summarizes the current literature on abdominal, laparoscopic, and transvaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. This article reviews objective and subjective cure rates as well as complications associated with synthetic mesh use for pelvic organ prolapse repair. The focus is on the latest l...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyspepsia with or without nausea is common during pregnancy. Known ulcer disease, gastritis, and GERD may improve during pregnancy. Many women have a stoic and long-suffering posture during pregnancy owing to an unrealistic expectation concerning the teratogenicity of commonly used drugs. It is appropriate in medicine...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70204-7
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The key to the differential diagnosis of these related conditions is knowledge of the natural history of each disease process; an awareness of how this usually translates in each instance into clinical and laboratory parameters; an appreciation for the wide spectrum of findings for each of these conditions, which are ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes and critically evaluates the scientific literature for the annual and lifetime medical care costs of obesity in women in the United States. Studies involving actual and projected costs are reviewed. Studies were favored that included large, nationally representative samples; accounted for the i...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2009.04.002
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary tract abnormalities are fairly common in the perinatal period. Ultrasonography is an effective diagnostic tool for identifying fetal urinary tract anomalies and can be helpful in establishing prognosis and guiding treatment decisions. The sonographer is encouraged to characterize and localize the fetal urinary...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70026-7
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery that insulin resistance has a key role in the pathophysiology of PCOS has led to a novel and promising form of therapy in the form of the insulin-sensitizing drugs. Although no extremely large trials using these drugs for this indication have been performed, more than 18 trials have specifically examined...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70191-1
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AIDS is the leading cause of death among women aged 25 to 34 years in New York City. Gynecologic care should be directed toward early identification and aggressive treatment of infectious and neoplastic processes that may take a more fulminant course in immunosuppressed women. Dealing with women's contraceptive needs ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the last century, there were two breakthroughs in diabetes management and monitoring that changed the course of treatment: the discovery of insulin and the progress in the understanding of glucose monitoring. As technology evolved, glucose monitoring and insulin administration can now be achieved in a continuou...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2007.03.005
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inherited thrombophilias present an opportunity to review population-based screening paradigms. Inherited thrombophilias are a group of complex conditions, and women who carry mutations in implicated genes have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as venous thromboembolism. That asymptomatic carrier...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2010.02.018
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormone replacement therapy should be discussed with every postmenopausal woman and should be the first therapy offered to treat hot flashes owing to its high efficacy and other beneficial properties. Women who are ineligible for or uncomfortable with estrogen replacement therapy and who suffer from hot flashes that i...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Standard terminology for the gestational trophoblastic diseases has been defined by the World Health Organization. An anatomic staging system has also been adopted by FIGO, but it has not yet been widely utilized by American and European centers which prefer to determine therapy and report results based on risk groupi...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fecal incontinence (FI) has a significant social and economic impact on the patient and the community. In women, obstetric injury is commonly associated with the development of FI. Understanding FI is aided by a good knowledge of the pelvic floor anatomy and continence mechanisms. This same knowledge along with a good...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2008.03.005
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that is curable when it is detected early. For advanced-stage cancer, the prognosis is worse. Over the years, much progress has been made in radiation therapy and in chemotherapy, but it took three decades for the arrival of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, which significantl...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00024-4
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, FDA-approved therapies for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are all antiresorptive agents. There are no approved therapies at this time that stimulate bone formation, although one such agent (PTH) is awaiting approval. Screening perimenopausal women at risk should identify osteopenic women early in...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00012-8
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy remains a challenge to the clinician, despite advances in sonographic and biochemical technology. Contemporary practice requires an understanding of the normal sonographic features and hormonal profiles for normal pregnancy as well as the pathogenesis of an ectopic nidation. Frequent...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides a focused review of the evidence for several complementary health approaches (ie, omega-3 fatty acids, folate, vitamin D, selenium, zinc, magnesium, B vitamins, physical activity, yoga) in the treatment of perinatal depression. There is evidence that some of these treatments may be reasonable to ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2018.04.002
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary management of HIV in pregnancy remains a moving target. With the development of newer antiretroviral agents with lower side-effect profiles and laboratory methods for detection and monitoring of HIV, considerable progress has been made. This review examines key concepts in the pathophysiology of HIV and p...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2014.08.003
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity has increased dramatically in the United States over the last several decades, with approximately 40% of pregnant women now considered overweight or obese. Obesity has been shown to be associated with numerous poor pregnancy outcomes, including increased rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal macro...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2015.01.008
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Clinical and basic research in endometriosis has been hampered severely by the lack of accurate noninvasive diagnostic techniques. Transvaginal ultrasonography, MRI, and endometrial and serum markers have the potential to facilitate the...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00055-4
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical integration of prenatal genetic technologies raises a series of important medical and ethical considerations for patients, families, health care providers, health care systems, and society. It is critical to recognize, understand, and address these issues in conjunction with the continued development of n...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2017.10.006
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of high-grade cervical dysplasia. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2008.09.008
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) is a rapidly expanding surgical specialty that focuses on the evaluation and treatment of pelvic floor disorders in women. Evaluation and treatment of several pelvic floor disorders can be accomplished with office-based procedures, yielding significant advantag...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2013.09.003
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amniotic fluid embolism remains one of the most devastating conditions in obstetric practice with an incidence of approximately 1 in 40,000 deliveries and a reported mortality rate ranging from 20% to 60%. The pathophysiology involves an abnormal maternal response to fetal tissue exposure associated with breaches of t...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2016.07.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several clinical advances in the field of assisted reproductive technology have improved the success rates of IVF. These advances include improvements in ovulation induction protocols, the introduction of recombinant gonadotropins, GnRH agonists, and, most recently, GnRH antagonists. ICSI has proved to be the most suc...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70152-2
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advancements in cancer screening techniques have allowed for earlier detection of cancer at premalignant or early stages of disease. Several organizations have guidelines for screening strategies for breast, cervical, colon, and lung cancer. Ovarian cancer remains the deadliest cancer of the female reproductive tract;...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2019.04.007
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periviable deliveries (less than 26 weeks) are a small percentage of deliveries but account for a disproportionately high number of long-term morbidities. Few studies describe interventions and outcomes for periviable preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The available reports may include only those neonates...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2020.08.007
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrosurgery is used on a daily basis in the operating room, but it remains poorly understood by those using it. In addition, the physics of electrosurgery are far more complicated than those of laser. Common belief notwithstanding, electrosurgery has an enormous capacity for patient injury if used incorrectly, even...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2010.05.007
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is central to mammalian reproductive function, including conception, pregnancy maintenance, parturition, and breastfeeding. Pregnancy is associated with substantial physiologic changes within this endocrine axis to meet the demands of pregnancy, which include support of the fetu...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2004.08.003
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant gender differences exist in the prevalence of substance use disorders in the United States. There is a trend among boys and girls aged 12 to 17 years toward comparable rates of use and initiation for alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and tobacco. If this trend continues, over time there may be a narrowing of the m...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(03)00072-x
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency and variety of solid organ transplantation in reproductive-age women increases each year. Pregnancy is no longer contraindicated in transplant recipients provided that their graft is functioning well and they are in good general health. Physicians who care for pregnant transplant recipients should be awa...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2004.03.005
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
