Attentional modulation of threshold sensitivity to first-order motion and second-order motion patterns.

abstract：:Human observers show remarkable efficiency in statistical estimation; they are able, for instance, to estimate the mean size of visual objects, even if their number exceeds the capacity limits of focused attention. This ability has been understood as the result of a distinct mode of attention, i.e. distributed attenti...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Baijal S,Nakatani C,van Leeuwen C,Srinivasan N

更新日期：2013-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the ability of human observers to detect three kinds of statistical structure in binary arrays: first-order statistics (luminance), local fourth-order statistics (isodipole textures), and long-range statistics (bilateral symmetry). Performance was closest to ideal on the luminance task and furthest from id...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Victor JD,Conte MM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We measured the temporal summation properties of paired flashes to investigate the temporal responses of the chromatic channel in peripheral vision in comparison with those of the luminance channel. The size of the stimulus was scaled according to the cortical magnification factor. The temporal response was biphasic t...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Masuda O,Uchikawa K

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most fundamental functions of the visual system is to code the positions of objects. Most studies, especially those using fMRI, widely assume that the location of the peak retinotopic activity generated in the visual cortex by an object is the position assigned to that object-this is a simplified version of...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Whitney D,Bressler DW

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A generally accepted notion in binocular vision is that we see the world as if viewed by a single eye, the cyclopean eye. A consequence of seeing the world from a single point in space is that the outlines of occluding and occluded surfaces have the same shape. We designed stereograms in which subjects aligned binocul...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Erkelens CJ,Muijs AJ,van Ee R

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although color-opponent neurons appear to subserve color vision, precisely how these cells encode hue is still not clear. Single-unit, extracellular recordings from the rainbow trout optic tectum were made in order to examine the possible role of action potential timing in coding chromatic stimuli. We found that color...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： McDonald CG,Hawryshyn CW

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We designed two extensions of Saslow's well-known gap and overlap conditions that require increased voluntary effort because of the progressive elimination of target onsets and fixation point offsets, and obtained repeatable data obeying simple numerical relations. For each of the five stimulus lighting conditions, sa...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Kalesnykas RP,Hallett PE

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Usually we assume that the central nervous system preserves temporal sequences. Here we show that moving objects--in the context of behaviour often dangerous ones--are seen with a shorter latency than stationary (flashed) objects. In addition moving objects are deblurred. Two mechanisms contribute to this functional s...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Kirschfeld K,Kammer T

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have measured corneal and total astigmatism on 161 eyes of 90 normal infants and young children aged 2 months to 5 years using the techniques of photorefraction and photokeratometry. Both the mean corneal and mean total astigmatism were found to decrease with increasing age. We found large and significant correlati...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Howland HC,Sayles N

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thresholds for detecting the angle of rotation of vertical symmetrical patterns containing few or no explicit vertical or horizontal contours were found to be almost as low as those for an actual vertical line extending approximately the same range. This hyperacuity performance, which we refer to as implicit orientati...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Li W,Westheimer G

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saleh and Bonnet [Fechner Day 98, p. 344] have shown that, upon parafoveal stimulation and up to 6.5 c/deg, reaction time (RT) is a function of grating contrast multiplied by grating period. The present experiments extend these findings to foveal stimulation within a wider spatial-frequency (SF) range and to stimuli o...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Vassilev A,Mihaylova M,Bonnet C

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate transporters in the tiger salamander retina were studied by autoradiographic and intracellular recording techniques. When the retina was incubated with 15 microM L-[3H]glutamate, photoreceptors and Muller cells were labeled, indicating that these cells had high-affinity glutamate uptake transporters. A much ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Yang JH,Wu SM

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we show that negative polarity noise patterns appear to have a higher contrast than positive polarity noise patterns with identical expected Fourier amplitude spectra. This demonstrates a failure of contrast constancy over changes in pattern polarity. An examination of local contrast measures shows that...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Benton CP,Johnston A

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is evidence that humans implicitly learn an average or prototype of previously studied faces, as the unseen face prototype is falsely recognized as having been learned (Solso & McCarthy, 1981). Here we investigated the extent and nature of face prototype formation where observers' memory was tested after they st...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Or CC,Wilson HR

更新日期：2013-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the patterns of two-dimensional spatial distortions in human amblyopia, using three different psychophysical mapping procedures. Strabismic and strabismic-anisometropic amblyopes showed consistent distortions, consisting in enlargement, shrinkage, or torsion of portions of the tested visual field. Pure...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Sireteanu R,Thiel A,Fikus S,Iftime A

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examines the landing-site distributions of the eyes during natural reading of Japanese script: a script that mixes three different writing systems (Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana) and that misses regular spacing between words. The results show a clear preference of the eyes to land at the beginning ra...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Kajii N,Nazir TA,Osaka N

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perception of directional motion was studied by displaying two images (F1 and F2) in rapid succession. The two images were identical except for a horizontal displacement of F2 with respect to F1. Observers reported the direction of horizontal motion over a wide range of displacements. The stimuli in Experiment 1 were ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Bischof WF,Di Lollo V

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the ultimate goals of vision research is to understand how some elements are grouped together and differentiated from others to form object representations in a complex visual scene. There exists an extensive literature on this grouping/segmentation problem, but most of the studies have used un-recognizable sti...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Nygård GE,Looy TV,Wagemans J

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic random-dot stereograms (RDS) were used to study cortical neuronal mechanisms related to visual persistence in nine subjects. Electric brain potential components evoked by stereoscopic stimuli were compared to those evoked by conventional checkerboard stimuli with contrast borders. In a pattern-onset/offset pre...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Skrandies W

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative Southern blotting and PCR/RFLP analysis were used to determine the number and ratio of long-wave-sensitive (L-) and mid-wave-sensitive (M-) opsin genes in 25 colour-normal caucasian males. The average observed ratio was 1:2.8 +/- 1.2 for Southern blot analysis and 1:3.0 +/- 1.7 for PCR/RFLP analysis. Thus...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Wolf S,Sharpe LT,Knau H,Wissinger B

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A masking paradigm was employed to measure the spatial frequency selectivity of channels underlying human stereopsis. Observers viewed spatially filtered (0.4 octave bandwidth) random-dot stereograms in which a disparate bar appeared in either the top or bottom half of the display; superimposed on one RDS half-image w...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Yang Y,Blake R

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:the foveal vision of certain patients afflicted with retinitis pigmentosa may be mediated solely by a long wavelength sensitivity (lws) mechanism, because (1) increment threshold data could always be fitted to a single template curve with unity slope, (2) test and field sensitivities differ only by a proportionality c...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Young RS,Fishman GA

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two moving random-pixel arrays (RPAs) were presented simultaneously in the same target field. These RPAs are perceived as two superimposed transparent moving sheets. Although two directions are perceived simultaneously during stimulus presentation, the movement aftereffect (MAE) is unidirectional. The visual system av...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Verstraten FA,Fredericksen RE,van de Grind WA

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The topography of visual evoked potentials (VEP) is dependent on occipital lobe morphology. Using magnetic resonance imaging we examine the sulcal pattern (the calcarine and parieto-occipital sulci), and assess the size of the cuneus and the asymmetry of the occipital lobes, computed separately for its ventral and dor...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Myslobodsky MS,Glicksohn J,Coppola R,Weinberger DR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the human WERI-Rb1 cell line as a model system, we performed a genome-wide search for retinal target genes of thyroid hormone (TH) via expression microarray analysis followed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR verification. We identified 12 novel retinal targets of TH, including 10 up-regulated genes (OPN1MW, OPN1...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Liu Y,Fu L,Chen DG,Deeb SS

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differential spatial displacement discrimination thresholds were determined for a configuration of three identical Gaussian modulated patches of sinusoidal grating presented with equal orientation and at threshold luminance contrast. The patches were arranged one above the other at equal spatial intervals. The orienta...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Toet A,Koenderink JJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that the initial ocular following responses elicited by motion of a large pattern are modestly attenuated when that pattern is shifted out of the plane of fixation by altering its binocular disparity. If the motion is applied to only restricted regions of the pattern, however, then altering the disparity of th...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Masson GS,Busettini C,Yang DS,Miles FA

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a series of psychophysical experiments, observers compared the apparent contrast of a dichoptic stimulus (contrast edges of orthogonal orientations in the two eyes) and a monocular stimulus ( a pie pattern in one eye and a blank field in the other eye). When the contrast of the dichoptic stimulus was low (2-3%) the...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Liu L,Schor CM

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence points to the importance of global operations across spatial regions larger than individual cortical receptive fields. Studies of contour integration and motion trajectory detection suggest that network operations between local detectors underlie the encoding of extended contours in space and extended ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Hess RF,Ledgeway T,Dakin S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated two types of spatial resolution for perceiving motion-defined contours: grating acuity, the capacity to discriminate alternating stripes of opposed motion from transparent bi-directional motion; and alignment acuity, the capacity to localize the position of motion-defined edges with respect to stationa...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Burr D,McKee S,Morrone CM

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00