Abstract：
:There is evidence that humans implicitly learn an average or prototype of previously studied faces, as the unseen face prototype is falsely recognized as having been learned (Solso & McCarthy, 1981). Here we investigated the extent and nature of face prototype formation where observers' memory was tested after they studied synthetic faces defined purely in geometric terms in a multidimensional face space. We found a strong prototype effect: The basic results showed that the unseen prototype averaged from the studied faces was falsely identified as learned at a rate of 86.3%, whereas individual studied faces were identified correctly 66.3% of the time and the distractors were incorrectly identified as having been learned only 32.4% of the time. This prototype learning lasted at least 1 week. Face prototype learning occurred even when the studied faces were further from the unseen prototype than the median variation in the population. Prototype memory formation was evident in addition to memory formation of studied face exemplars as demonstrated in our models. Additional studies showed that the prototype effect can be generalized across viewpoints, and head shape and internal features separately contribute to prototype formation. Thus, implicit face prototype extraction in a multidimensional space is a very general aspect of geometric face learning.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Or CC,Wilson HRdoi
10.1016/j.visres.2013.02.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-04-19 00:00:00pages
1-12eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
S0042-6989(13)00022-9journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:The present experiment uses a quadrature motion paradigm to investigate the motion correspondence cues used by young infants for coding the direction of motion of red/green isoluminant gratings. Three-month-old infants and adults were tested with 0.25 c/d luminance-modulated or red/green isoluminant gratings, either m...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00202-8
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a colour/orientation conjunction search display is immediately preceded by a display that shows either the colour or the orientation of each upcoming search item, search is faster after colour-preview than after orientation-preview. One explanation for this feature asymmetry is that colour has priority access to ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.02.008
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pupil responses to light are greatly influenced by initial pupil size. Small pupils, operating under photopic conditions, show tonic responses to step increases of light and high gains; thus the pupil is a good regulator of light. Large pupils, operating under mesopic or scotopic conditions show phasic responses, "pup...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90066-4
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the effects of colour upon motion detection, the short-range motion displacement limit (Dmax) was determined using two-frame kinematograms in which the two classes of square comprising the pattern differed both in luminance and in colour. In the second motion frame, the squares retained either the same ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90024-d
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial interactions among orientation-tuned gain control processes are presumed to mediate center-surround contrast-contrast phenomena. In this paper, we assess contributions of gain control processes that pool over orientation. We measured the apparent contrast of a luminance-modulated center disk embedded in variou...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00131-5
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured two- and three-line spatial interval and alignment thresholds for a wide range of separations and eccentricities. In order to avoid confounding the role of separation and eccentricity, the test lines were presented on iso-eccentric arcs, with radii between 0.625 and 10 deg. The iso-eccentric paradigm allow...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90068-v
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A dichoptic display in which the images are cyclorotated in opposite directions does not appear inclined. This suggests that perceived inclination depends on the difference between horizontal-shear and vertical-shear disparity. Large random-dot stereoscopic displays were presented with various types of shear disparity...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)90237-2
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In most visual search experiments in the laboratory, objects are presented on an isolated, blank background. In most real world search tasks, however, the background is continuous and can be complex. In six experiments, we examine the ability of the visual system to separate search items from a background. The results...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00388-7
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studying color preferences provides a means to discover how perceptual experiences map onto cognitive and affective judgments. A challenge is finding a parsimonious way to describe and predict patterns of color preferences, which are complex with rich individual differences. One approach has been to model color prefer...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2017.07.001
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The problem of perceptual organization was studied by Gestalt psychologists in terms of figure-ground segregation. In this paper we explore a new principle of figure-ground segregation: accentuation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of accentuation relative to other Gestalt principles, and also consider it autonomous ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2017.08.009
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies [e.g. Vision Research 40 (2000) 173] have shown that when observers are required to selectively attend to one of two, spatially-adjacent patches containing either first-order (luminance-defined) or second-order (contrast-defined) motion, threshold sensitivity for identifying the direction of second-or...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2003.07.005
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A long-wavelength background can affect the appearance of an increment of light superimposed upon it in two ways. It can change the visual system's sensitivity to the increment, and it can change the appearance of the increment by directly adding redness to it. Through selective retinal-image stabilization, we evoked ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(93)90155-p
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rotating Pulfrich effect is described and analysed in relation to the Fertsch-Pulfrich latency difference theory. Although some of the predictions conflicted with observations described by Pulfrich [Naturwissenschaften 10, 553-564 (1922)], they were confirmed by experiment, and led to a simple and sensitive method o...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(86)90035-0
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How can our percept spontaneously change while the observed object stays unchanged? This happens with ambiguous figures, like the Necker cube. Explanations favor either bottom-up factors in early visual processing, or top-down factors near awareness. The EEG has a high temporal resolution, so event related potentials ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2004.10.006
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a model and simulations of boundary assignment by cortical neurons, a process that assigns edges to figural image regions, as opposed to the background regions on the other side of the edge. The model is composed of several areas, resembling the hierarchical feedforward-feedback organization of areas in th...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.12.018
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial cueing of transient attention has recently been shown to reduce temporal sensitivity. We investigated how the size of the sustained attentional focus influences double-pulse resolution (DPR) thresholds mapped across the visual field in a sample of 95 healthy subjects using a 9-fold interleaved adaptive algorit...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.03.018
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hyperpolarizing responses to light were recorded intracellularly from red cones of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Pairs of slit stimuli were flashed alone or together at various intensities, one slit positioned on the receptive field center and the other displaced 30 microns. The peak amplitude of the resp...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90093-z
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptive fields formed by ganglion cells were measured simultaneously in time and space in the adult and tadpole retinas. The spatio-temporal receptive-fields (STRFs) were measured by cross-correlating the spatio-temporal white-noise stimulus with the cells' spike discharges. Crosscorrelation was made photographicall...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90003-2
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A static or counterphase (target) grating surrounded by drifting (inducer) gratings is perceived to move in the direction opposite that of the inducers. We compared the relative magnitudes of these simultaneous motion contrasts generated by both first-order and second-order stimuli. The first-order stimuli were sinuso...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00112-5
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work (Shimojo, Silverman & Nakayama, 1989; Vision Research, 29, 619-626) suggests that the visual system must discriminate between extrinsic boundaries (boundaries created by front occluding surfaces) and intrinsic boundaries (real object boundaries) in order to recognize objects and that this would importantly...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90191-7
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior studies using brief stimulus sequences revealed "opponent shape aftereffects", indicative of direct opponent coding of global shape attributes such as aspect ratio, skew, taper, curvature, and convexity (perhaps in IT). Further, aftereffects from overlapped opponent pairs of adaptor shapes (e.g., concave and con...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00683-1
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the sources of spatial error in memory-guided saccades (MGS), we have trained monkeys on two different tasks: a MGS task and a delayed spatial match-to-sample (MTS) task. We first tested the effect of introducing a post-saccadic visual feedback on the accuracy of MGS. We found that visual feedback had a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00418-2
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Before and after exposure to clockwise optical tilt, subjects' compensatory eye movements were recorded, as the head was oscillated around a vertical axis by the experimenter. An analysis of the horizontal and vertical components of eye movements showed a change in eye movement path in the clockwise direction. This co...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(82)90164-x
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the effectiveness of central and peripheral targets in a saccadic countermanding task. Stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs) do not differ significantly for central and peripheral stop signals. Further, when central and peripheral stop signals are presented together, SSRTs behave as expected of independent pr...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00107-9
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Light adaptation has been studied using both aperiodic and periodic stimuli. Two well-documented phenomena are described: the background-onset effect (from an aperiodic-stimulus tradition) and high-temporal-frequency linearity (from the periodic-stimulus tradition). These phenomena have been explained within two diffe...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90230-g
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macular degeneration results in heterogeneous central field loss (CFL) and often has asymmetrical effects in the two eyes. As such, it is not clear to what degree the movements of the two eyes are coordinated. To address this issue, we examined smooth pursuit quantitatively in CFL participants during binocular viewing...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2016.12.013
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contrast detection performance is known to be better for single component sinusoidal gratings than for sums of gratings at different orientations. A recent study Rovamo et al. (1994) (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 35, 2611-2619) showed that spatial integration is less effective for multiple orientati...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00233-7
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have found that individuals from small hometowns show diminished face recognition ability as compared with individuals from larger hometowns. We further this line of research by relating six measures of face recognition ability to hometown density. We predicted that the three face recognition ability m...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2019.08.006
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Western blot analysis of 100,000 g supernatant of rat retina using a polyclonal anti-Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM-kinase IV) antibody revealed an immunoreactive mass of 35 kDa, termed reticalmin. Lower amount of a isoform of CaM-kinase IV was also expressed in rat retina. Reticalmin did not react ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00175-2
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown that the perceived direction of a plaid with components of unequal contrast is biased towards the direction of the higher-contrast component [Stone, L. S., Watson, A. B., & Mulligan, J. B. (1990). Effect of contrast on the perceived direction of a moving plaid. Vision Research 30, 1049-1067]. It was ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.10.017
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
