Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Our study tested the effectiveness of network methods for identifying opinion leaders and for constructing groups. METHODS:Three conditions-random, teacher, and network--ere randomly assigned to 84 6th-grade classrooms within 16 schools. Pre- and postcurriculum data on mediators of tobacco use were collected from 1961 students. Peer leaders in the network condition were identified by student nominations, and those leaders were matched with the students who nominated them. RESULTS:Students in the network condition relative to the random condition liked the prevention program more and had improved attitudes (beta = -0.06; P <.01), improved self-efficacy (beta = -0.10; P <.001), and decreased intention to smoke (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38, 0.55). CONCLUSIONS:The network method was the most effective way to structure the program. Future programs may refine this technique and use it in other settings.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Valente TW,Hoffman BR,Ritt-Olson A,Lichtman K,Johnson CAdoi
10.2105/ajph.93.11.1837subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
1837-43issue
11eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
93pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether the distinctive components of job control-decision authority, skill discretion, and predictability-were related to subsequent acute myocardial infarction (MI) events in a large population of initially heart disease-free industrial employees. METHODS:We prospectively examined the relation...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.122382
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We assessed which of a broad range of determinants of health are most strongly associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) among people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Our analysis included respondents from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 (2000-2001) who were aged 18 years and older an...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.067728
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the organization and performance of outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) centers. We examine several performance measures of OSAT units, including clients treated, services provided, revenue sources, financial performance, and access to care, in relation to ownership of the cente...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.5.711
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify people living with HIV/AIDS from Medicare and Medicaid claims data to estimate Medicaid costs for treating HIV/AIDS in California. We also examined how alternate methods of identifying the relevant sample affect estimates of per capita costs. METHODS:We analyzed data on Californians en...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared cycling injury risks of 14 route types and other route infrastructure features. METHODS:We recruited 690 city residents injured while cycling in Toronto or Vancouver, Canada. A case-crossover design compared route infrastructure at each injury site to that of a randomly selected control site fro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300762
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight matched men's and women's intercollegiate varsity teams were studied prospectively for one academic year to determine the incidence of athletic injury and resulting disability. Sports in which both men and women participated in a comparable manner were chosen: basketball, fencing, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.12.1459
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine the extent to which early life conditions and adverse life events impact chewing ability in middle and later adulthood. METHODS:Secondary analyses were conducted based on data from waves 2 and 3 of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), collected in the years ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301918
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine whether an elevated burden of chronic kidney disease is found among disadvantaged groups living in the United States, Australia, and Thailand. METHODS:We used data on participants 35 years or older for whom a valid serum creatinine measurement was available from studies in the United ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.116020
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1985, a measles outbreak involved 14 students and non-student contacts in Michigan. Eight transmissions occurred at university medical facilities; five of these were likely airborne transmissions. Medical students and a medical resident were involved in the outbreak's propagation. Health care providers need to be i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.9.1222
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined differences in quality of care among nursing homes in locales of varying degrees of rurality. METHODS:We classified locales into 4 classes according to rurality. We analyzed a 10% sample of nursing home admissions in the United States in 2000 (n=198613) to estimate survival models for 9 quality ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.10.1717
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomly selected sample of physicians in three large cities was asked to read one of four vignettes describing a patient. They then completed a set of objective attitude measures eliciting their reactions to the patient described in the vignette. The vignettes were identical except that the patient's illness was id...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.789
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four cohorts of urban women who delivered a child before reaching age 18 were followed for periods ranging from 6 to 12 years to determine use of abortion and sterilization. The two more recent cohorts had been served by comprehensive service programs. About 40 per cent of each of teh groups used abortion or steriliza...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.7.621
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To inform a prevention strategy, this study determined the prevalence of and attitudes toward smoking among Chinese secondary school students. METHODS:Self-completion questionnaires were administered to 13- to 18-year-olds attending school in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. RESULTS:Of the 6674 respondent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.10.1653
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design of a community's built environment influences the physical and mental health of its residents. Because few studies have investigated this relationship, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a workshop in May 2002 to help develop a scientific research agenda on these issues. Workshop particip...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1500
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of market income inequality (income inequality before taxes and transfers) and income redistribution via taxes and transfers on inequality in longevity. METHODS:We used life tables to compute Gini coefficients of longevity inequality for all individuals and for individuals who surviv...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302849
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate helmet use in California before and after the introduction of an unrestricted helmet use law on January 1, 1992, observations of motorcycles and their riders were made at 60 locations in seven California counties, twice before and four times after the law was introduced. Helmet use increased from about 50%...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.1.96
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed cervical cancer incidence and mortality data in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women compared with women of other races. METHODS:We improved identification of AI/AN race, cervical cancer incidence, and mortality data using Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; our analyses focu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301681
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the Child Health Supplement to the 1981 National Health Interview Survey, illness and use of physician services are compared for children under 18 years old in three family income groups. The results indicate that although annual prevalence of many health problems does not differ greatly by income leve...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.8.927
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This prospective study examined the effect of tobacco marketing on progression to established smoking. METHODS:Massachusetts adolescents (n = 529) who at baseline had smoked no more than 1 cigarette were reinterviewed by telephone in 1997. Analyses examined the effect of receptivity to tobacco marketing at ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.3.407
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Municipal swimming pools and wading pools were examined for the presence of human enteric viruses using a portable virus concentrator at the site to concentrate viruses from 100-gallon to 500-gallon samples. Ten of 14 samples contained viruses; three of these were positive for virus in the presence of residual free ch...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1026
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.071514
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.1.84
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.8.1304
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1981, outbreaks of itchy skin rashes were reported accompanying the heavy infestation of gypsy moths (GM) in the Northeastern United States. The rash problem was widespread and a considerable public annoyance. In the spring of 1982, during the period of greatest contact with the caterpillars, a telephone survey was...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.8.799
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher prices reduce consumption and initiation of tobacco products. A minimum price law that establishes a high statutory minimum price and prohibits the industry's discounting tactics for tobacco products is a promising pricing strategy as an alternative to excise tax increases. Although some states have adopted min...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302069
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.1.45
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among adolescents who participate in competitive sports. Using data from Monitoring the Future, we found that adolescent participants in high-injury sports had 50% higher odds of NMUPO than adolescents who did not participate in these types of sports (i.e....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301242
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The reported prevalence of occupational allergy to natural rubber latex is 8% to 17%, and that of latex-induced occupational asthma is 2.5% to 6%. Conversion of medical facilities to "latex-safe" can reduce employee sensitization, impairment, and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine the cos...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.7.1024
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined two major methadone treatment factors, visit frequency and methadone dose, posited to be important in reducing intravenous drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. METHODS:One hundred fifty opiate-dependent subjects randomly assigned to four groups received 50 or 80 ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the history of childhood lead poisoning started a century ago in the United States, the first French cases were identified in 1985. Instead of merely adopting knowledge accumulated for decades, the public health professionals and activists involved had to reestablish, against incredulity from medical authorit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.11.1854
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00