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Long-term subthreshold electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion and a canine model of sudden cardiac death.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVES:We sought to develop a high-yield canine model of sudden cardiac death (SCD). BACKGROUND:Because electrical stimulation is a powerful means to elicit nerve sprouting, we hypothesize that subthreshold electrical stimulation is more effective than nerve growth factor (NGF) infusion in inducing nerve sprouting and SCD in dogs with myocardial infarction (MI) and complete atrioventricular block (CAVB). METHODS:We gave subthreshold electrical stimulation to the left stellate ganglion (LSG) in six normal dogs for 41 +/- 9 days (protocol 1) and to six dogs with MI and CAVB for 41 +/- 29 days, while continuously monitoring their cardiac rhythm (protocol 2). We also monitored the rhythm of two dogs with MI, CAVB, and NGF infusion to the LSG and determined the ventricular nerve density in six healthy control dogs. RESULTS:In protocol 1, the hearts from dogs with LSG electrical stimulation had a higher density of nerve fibers immunopositive to tyrosine hydroxylase, synaptophysin, and growth-associated protein-43 than those of normal control dogs (p < 0.01). In protocol 2, there was a high magnitude of cardiac nerve sprouting in all dogs studied. Ventricular tachycardia > or =8 beats and > or =20 beats was more frequent in dogs with electrical stimulation than in dogs with NGF infusion to the LSG (36 +/- 60 and 11 +/- 17 vs. 4.7 +/- 6.1 and 0.1 +/- 0.33 episodes per day, p < 0.05 and p < 0.03, respectively). Four of six dogs in protocol 2 had SCD. CONCLUSIONS:Subthreshold electrical stimulation of the LSG induces cardiac nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation and facilitates the development of a high-yield canine model of ventricular arrhythmia and SCD.

journal_name

J Am Coll Cardiol

journal_title

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

authors

Swissa M,Zhou S,Gonzalez-Gomez I,Chang CM,Lai AC,Cates AW,Fishbein MC,Karagueuzian HS,Chen PS,Chen LS

doi

10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.053

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-03-03 00:00:00

pages

858-64

issue

eissn

0735-1097

issn

1558-3597

pii

S0735109703016218

journal_volume

pub_type

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Long-term subthreshold electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion and a canine model of sudden cardiac death.