Abstract:
:This review surveys the rapidly increasing applications of confocal microscopy in neuropathology and related areas of experimental neurology. The ability of this new instrument to "optically section" thick samples has opened up to microscopic examination a wide range of previously difficult specimens. The basic operating principle, trading field of view for axial resolution, is illustrated with a simple schematic comparison of conventional and confocal microscopes. Images can be collected in several different modes, utilizing fluorescence, reflectance, or transmitted light. The majority of the applications in neuropathology to date have focused on immunocytochemical labeling with peroxidase or fluorescent markers. New methods of specimen preparation designed explicitly for the confocal microscope are just beginning to appear. The trend toward new techniques that fully exploit the superior performance of confocal microscopes is expected to accelerate, which will quickly establish the confocal microscope as a routine laboratory tool for the neuropathologist.
journal_name
J Neuropathol Exp Neuroljournal_title
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurologyauthors
Murray JMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-09-01 00:00:00pages
475-87issue
5eissn
0022-3069issn
1554-6578journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Selenoprotein P (Sepp1) is involved in selenium homeostasis. Mice with a deletion of Sepp1, replacement of it by the shortened form Sepp1(Delta240-361), or deletion of its receptor apolipoprotein E receptor 2 develop severe neurologic dysfunction when fed low-selenium diet. Because the brainstems of Sepp1(-/-) mice ha...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e318160f347
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) constitute a serine/threonine kinase family playing a major role in agonist-induced phosphorylation and desensitization of G-protein coupled receptors. Recently, GRK2 and GRK5 have been demonstrated to phosphorylate alpha-synuclein (Ser129) and other synuclein isoforms. We stu...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000248542.82681.12
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragmentation of genomic DNA, a major biochemical feature of programmed cell death (apoptosis), is easily detected when apoptosis is prevalent. In brain tissue apoptotic cells are usually scarce and detection requires more sensitive techniques. We describe a highly sensitive method to quantify apoptosis in frozen huma...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199611000-00008
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) result in the most common form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, CMT1A. This hereditary peripheral neuropathy is characterized by dysmyelination of peripheral nerves, reduced nerve conduction velocity, and muscle weakness. APMP22 point mutation in L16P (leucine 16 ...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlw004
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral polyneuropathies are common and their diagnosis may be challenging. We compared the results from sural-nerve and skin biopsies in 33 patients with a polyneuropathy and neuropathic pain examined in our hospital over a 6-year period. The biopsies were all from the same lower limb of each patient. Intraepiderm...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlv005
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glomeruloid bodies (GBs), tumor-associated vascular structures with a superficial resemblance to renal glomeruli, are important histopathological features of glioblastoma multiforme, but have also been described in other types of tumors and in cerebral metastases. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathoge...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/62.6.655
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been studied in normal, control and denervated muscle of rabbits by electron microscopic-cytochemistry and radiometric assay. A small amount of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity is also found in biochemical assay of unfixed muscle, but it is not demonstrable cytochemically...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-197703000-00004
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson disease, multiple-system atrophy, and Lewy body disease, are characterized by the presence of abundant neuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. These disorders remain incurable, and a greater understanding of the pathologic processes is ...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0000000000000262
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retraction of distal sensory axons is a prominent feature in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a process amenable to insulin therapy. Nevertheless, diabetic patients and long-term diabetic mice develop motor deficits after longer durations of DPN, a process that may be related to insulin deficiency. To compare the...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e318215669a
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously found that vascular smooth muscle actin (SMA) is reduced in the brains of patients with late stage Alzheimer disease (AD) compared with brains of nondemented, neuropathologically normal subjects. To assess the pathogenetic significance and disease specificity of this finding, we studied 3 additional pati...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31819e6334
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether antibody production to antigens arising in the subarachnoid space is depressed acutely after spinal cord injury (SCI), and whether such depression is due to abnormal catecholamine levels. To assess antibody responses, ovalbumin (OVA) was injected into the spinal subarachnoid space (i.t.) of rat...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/62.8.848
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many degenerative and metabolic muscle diseases cells die without a marked inflammatory response. A potential mechanism how this could be accomplished is apoptotic cell death. Since there are no data available about apoptosis in cells of myogenic origin, we examined rat skeletal myoblasts for their potential to und...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199601000-00004
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective analysis of 14 patients who presented with a progressively expanding mass lesion(s) shown at biopsy/autopsy to represent acute demyelination was carried out. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal neuropathological approach to diagnosis and to determine the clinical evolution of this cond...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/59.6.477
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In response to oxidative stress, the levels of numerous cytoprotective products are increased via alteration of the Kelch-like ECH...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31827b5713
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase consists of 2 subunits, alpha and beta. Mutations in the alpha-subunit gene cause Tay-Sachs disease, while mutations in the beta-subunit gene cause Sandhoff disease. Mice generated by targeted disruption of either the alpha- or beta-subunit genes displayed the pathological features of Tay...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a prospective, longitudinal immunohistochemical study of the spinal cords of transgenic mice with a G93A mutant SOD1 gene at 4 fixed points in time, using antibodies to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine. The purpose of this study was to characterize the temporal and topographic dist...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/60.9.839
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paramyxoviruses such as measles virus or canine distemper virus are etiological agents for acute and chronic encephalitis (measles inclusion body encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and chronic distemper encephalitis or old dog encephalitis). The mechanisms by which viral injury leads to neurological dis...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199309000-00005
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence has demonstrated a vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse biological processes. However, their functions in developing brain with hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remain largely unknown. Through a miRNA microarray analysis in a P10 rat model of cerebral HI, we found that miR-30d-5p was one of the most de...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlx052
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have established the key role of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in post-translational processing, transport and targeting of proteins destined for secretion, lysosomes and plasma membranes. Moreover, several studies performed in our laboratories have shown that the size of the immunocytochemically detected ...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199509000-00013
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic in cancers that is important for cancer cell proliferation. Emerging evidence shows that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) participates in glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in cancer. This study explored the effect of LncRNA: SNHG9 in glioblastoma. The mRNA expression of SNHG9...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlz078
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clade C is the most common HIV infection worldwide, yet its impact on the nervous system remains largely unknown. Autopsy studies from regions affected by this virus are scarce, and HIV dementia has only rarely been reported from these countries. Most patients who deve...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181461d3e
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate cognitive performance among persons who did and did not develop clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) but had AD neuropathology at autopsy, we examined neuropsychological performance in cognitively healthy (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] = 0) participants who returned for at least 1 follow-up and died within 2 y...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0000000000000254
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKC-complex) antibody (Ab) encephalitis is a well-recognized form of limbic encephalitis in humans, usually occurring in the absence of an underlying tumor. The patients have a subacute onset of seizures, magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of hippocampal inflammati...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0000000000000063
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) and Cockayne syndrome (CS) are hereditary DNA repair disorders complicated by progressive neurodegeneration. Here we immunohistochemically examine the in situ expression of materials that are produced by oxidative stress and glutamate transporters (which can contribute to prevention...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/60.4.350
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized by hippocampal sclerosis together with profound losses and phenotypic changes of different classes of interneurons, including those expressing somatostatin (SRIF). To understand the functional significance of the plasticity of SRIF transmission in TLE, unraveling the statu...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000186923.50215.50
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and neuropathological staging of Alzheimer disease (AD) neurodegeneration and neuronal loss dynamics is the baseline for identification of treatment targets and timing. The aim of this study of 14 brain regions in 25 subjects diagnosed with AD and 13 age-matched control subjects was to establish the pattern o...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlaa140
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical lesions (CLs) are an important component of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology; they correlate better with physical disability and cognitive impairment than white matter lesions (WMLs). Because remyelination can be extensive in CLs, we quantified remyelination in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), address...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlx023
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remyelination capacity decreases with age in adult mice, but data comparing remyelination capacity after toxic demyelination in developing mice versus adult mice are not available. We treated 3-week-old and adult C57BL/6 mice with cuprizone for 1 to 5 weeks and studied demyelination/remyelination and cellular reaction...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0000000000000214
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is a systemic disorder reported worldwide in kindreds with a G654A or G654T gelsolin gene mutation. The clinically characteristic peripheral nerve involvement has been poorly characterized morphologically, and its pathogenesis remains unknown. We studied peripheral ne...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/61.6.565
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), a dominantly inherited disorder, is typically manifested as bilateral vestibular Schwannomas and predisposes to other nervous system tumors. Vestibular Schwannomas also occur sporadically but the onset is usually at an older age. Surgical and histological studies have shown that vestibular S...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199511000-00004
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00