Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests that anesthetic action within the spinal cord is important in suppressing somatic responses to painful stimuli. Whether the brain influences this response is not clear. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the brain affects anesthetic requirements. METHODS:Six goats were anesthetized with isoflurane. After tracheal intubation and femoral arterial cannulation, bilateral neck dissections were performed to isolate the external carotid arteries and external jugular veins. The occipital arteries were ligated bilaterally. Control isoflurane requirements as defined by the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) were determined by using a dew-claw clamp as a painful stimulus. Cranial venous blood was drained into a bubble oxygenator in which an isoflurane vaporizer was placed in line with the gas flow, and arterial blood was infused into a carotid artery with a roller pump. This arrangement permitted selective control of the delivery of anesthetic to the head and to the systemic circulation. Isoflurane concentration in the arterial blood delivered to the head was estimated from the isoflurane concentration in the oxygenator exhaust. While isoflurane concentration in the head was maintained at approximately 0.2-0.3%, MAC for the body was determined. After return to the native circulation, MAC was determined again. RESULTS:During bypass with cranial isoflurane concentration at 0.2-0.3%, all animals showed varying, intermittent degrees of light anesthesia, including spontaneous head movement, chewing, swallowing, and eye opening. Isoflurane MAC was 1.4 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- SD) at baseline, decreased to 0.8 +/- 0.1% during bypass (P < 0.05), and increased to 1.2 +/- 0.2% after bypass (P not significant compared with baseline). CONCLUSIONS:These results verify the importance of volatile anesthetic action at an extracranial site vis à vis purposeful movement in response to a noxious stimulus. Furthermore, the results confirm that the brain affects anesthetic requirements.
journal_name
Anesthesiologyjournal_title
Anesthesiologyauthors
Borges M,Antognini JFdoi
10.1097/00000542-199412000-00027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-12-01 00:00:00pages
1511-5issue
6eissn
0003-3022issn
1528-1175journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ANESTHESIOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Perioperative beta-blockade has been shown to improve long-term cardiac outcome in noncardiac surgical patients. A possible mechanism for the reduced risk of perioperative myocardial infarction is the attenuation of the excitotoxic effects of catecholamine surges by beta-blockade. It was hypothesized that be...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-199912000-00020
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low concentrations of ethanol (17 mM) inhibited development of spontaneous mechanical activity (vasomotion) in isolated rat portal veins. Low concentrations of ethanol potentiated, however, contractions induced by epinephrine, but not those induced by angiotensin or potassium. Higher concentrations of ethanol, such as...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-197604000-00009
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pain following thoracotomy can persist for years with an undetermined impact on quality of life. Factors hypothesized to modulate this painful experience include analgesic regimen, gender, and type of incision. METHODS:A total of 157 generally healthy patients of both genders scheduled for segmentectomy, lo...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-200211000-00029
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hemodilution (HD) with oxyhemoglobin colloid (oxyHb) provides a greater arterial oxygen content (CaO2) than HD with conventional colloids; however, oxygen delivery (DO2) is essentially the same, because, in contrast to conventional HD, cardiac output (CO) is not augmented. This study seeks to elucidate the m...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199307000-00011
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Excessive intraoperative bleeding is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The authors and others have shown that fibrin monomer allows preoperative risk stratification for intraoperative blood loss, likely due to an imbalance between available factor XIII and prothrombin conversion. The autho...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318194b21e
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous experimental and clinical studies have shown that anesthetic agents have varying effects on cancer prognosis; however, the results were inconsistent among these studies. The authors compared overall and recurrence-free survival in patients given volatile or intravenous anesthesia for digestive tract...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003440
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antioxidant anesthetics such as propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) directly inhibit lipid peroxidation via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Currently, there are no other studies regarding the direct effects of propofol medium chain triglyceride/long chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT) on reactive oxygen spe...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318182a903
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Desflurane (formerly I-653) is a new inhalaticnal anesthetic with a promising pharmacokinetic profile that includes low solubility in blood and tissue, including fat. Since its lipid solubility is less than that of other volatile agents, it may have lower potency. Low solubility would be expected to increase the rate ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199103000-00007
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of acute edema in the tracheobronchial mucosa following local instillation of hydrochloric acid or gastric juice was studied in rats. Protein extravasation using the Evans blue technique was measured and used to indicate edema formation. A pH dependent Evans blue extravasation was observed whereby pH 2 p...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-198803000-00005
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indirect evidence supports a role of spinal cholinergic neurons in tonically reducing response to noxious mechanical stimulation and in effecting analgesia from alpha2-adrenergic agonists. This study directly assessed the role of cholinergic neurons in regulating the level of mechanical allodynia and in part...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200106000-00023
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic use of μ-opioid receptor agonists paradoxically causes both hyperalgesia and the loss of analgesic efficacy. Opioid treatment increases presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity to potentiate nociceptive input to spinal dorsal horn neurons. However, the mechanism responsible for this opioid-...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002648
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The authors compare three techniques for insertion of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. METHODS:Two hundred forty healthy patients aged 18-80 yr were randomly allocated for ProSeal laryngeal mask airway insertion using the digital, introducer tool (IT), or gum elastic bougie (GEB)-guided techniques. The di...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-200401000-00008
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several beneficial effects of local anesthetics (LAs) were shown to be due to inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Differences in exposure time might explain discrepancies in concentrations of LAs required to achieve these protective effects in vivo and in vitro (approximately 100-fold higher)...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200404000-00015
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Volatile anesthetics (VAs) have been found to induce a delayed protective response called preconditioning to subsequent hypoxic/ischemic injury. VA preconditioning has been primarily studied in canine and rodent heart. A more genetically tractable model of VA preconditioning would be extremely useful. Here, ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318164d013
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The abundance of a specific sodium channel subunit (SkM2) appeared to be altered in vitro in cell cultures from persons susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. This study sought to determine whether these findings are artifacts of cell culture or whether they may be relevant to malignant hyperthermia. METHOD...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199705000-00004
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intravascular volume replacement is often required in the presence of increased pulmonary capillary leakage, for example in patients with volutrauma with major hemorrhage. In the present study, the effects of Ringer's acetate (RA), gelatin-polysuccinate (GEL), and a modern hydroxyethyl starch (HES, 6% 130/0....
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827e554c
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Propofol and isoflurane anesthesia were studied previously with functional brain imaging in humans to begin identifying key brain areas involved with mediating anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. The authors describe an additional positron emission tomography study of halothane's in vivo cerebral metabolic e...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199903000-00011
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids are known to improve gas exchange and pulmonary function in various models of acute respiratory failure. Vaporization has been recently reported as a new method of delivering PFC to the lung. Our aim was to study the effect of PFC vapor on the ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) matchi...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200112000-00021
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanism of the protective actions of volatile anesthetics in ischemic myocardium has not been clearly elucidated. The role of myocardial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium (KATP) channels in isoflurane-induced enhancement of recovery of regional contractile function after multiple brief occlusi...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199610000-00015
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effect of a glucose infusion on brain extracellular fluid (ECF) during systemic hypoxia, changes in glucose and lactate concentrations in cerebral ECF during and after moderate hypoxic hypoxia were measured in adult, conscious, unrestrained rats, with a microdialysis probe in the posterior hippocampus. T...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199210000-00017
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Use of high-dose inhalational anesthesia during open fetal surgery may induce maternal-fetal hemodynamic instability and fetal myocardial depression. The authors' preliminary human retrospective study demonstrated less fetal bradycardia and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with lower dose desflurane sup...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318283c954
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Conflicting opinions are present in the literature regarding the origin of the negative inotropic effect of propofol on the myocardium. This study aims to resolve these discrepancies by investigating the inotropic effects of propofol the L-type calcium channels and the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX). METHOD...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200211000-00019
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The main disadvantage of the posterior approach to the block of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa (popliteal block [PB]) is the need to place the patient in the prone position. In this study, the authors examined the clinical utility of a recently described lateral approach to PB that is performed wit...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-199806000-00010
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the event of trauma, emergency reversal of anticoagulation therapy may be required. However, no specific reversal agents are routinely available for the direct oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran. The authors investigated four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for treating dabigatran-induced...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000863
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ketamine is often administered to patients in whom hemodynamic instability is suspected. This study was designed to investigate the effect and possible site of action of ketamine on baroreflex response in rats. The site focused upon was the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor of the nucleus tractus solitari...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199301000-00022
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important guideline for anesthesia in patients with ischemic heart disease is the effect on myocardial oxygen demand. Therefore, this investigation evaluated commonly used myocardial oxygen demand formulas for clinical application. The study was performed on patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery (n = 62). Mea...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199107000-00009
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mild hypothermia is accompanied by metabolic changes. Epidural local anesthetic agents attenuate the surgical stress response, but it is not known whether they modulate thermal stress. METHODS:Thirty patients undergoing colorectal surgery, performed by one surgical team, received epidural 0.5% bupivacaine t...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-199805000-00011
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to compare the performance accuracy of the independent variables Bispectral Index (BIS), A-Line ARX index (AAI), and predicted propofol effect-site concentration (CePROP) to measure the dependent variables of loss of responses to different stimulation defined as loss of response to v...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-200310000-00010
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Labor pain derives primarily from stimulation of afferents innervating the uterine cervix and lower uterine segment. The authors have previously shown that the excitability of these afferents is regulated by sex hormones and test in this study whether pregnancy also alters their excitability. METHODS:After ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817302e0
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying depression-associated pain remain poorly understood. Using a mouse model of depression, the authors hypothesized that the central amygdala-periaqueductal gray circuitry is involved in pathologic nociception associated with depressive states. METHODS:The authors used chronic restrai...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003133
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00